newfs.c revision 23682
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 3 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7 * are met: 8 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software 14 * must display the following acknowledgement: 15 * This product includes software developed by the University of 16 * California, Berkeley and its contributors. 17 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 18 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 19 * without specific prior written permission. 20 * 21 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 22 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 23 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 24 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 25 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 26 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 27 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 28 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 29 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 30 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 31 * SUCH DAMAGE. 32 */ 33 34#ifndef lint 35static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 36#endif /* not lint */ 37 38#ifndef lint 39static char copyright[] = 40"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 41 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 42#endif /* not lint */ 43 44/* 45 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 46 */ 47#include <sys/param.h> 48#include <sys/stat.h> 49#include <sys/ioctl.h> 50#include <sys/disklabel.h> 51#include <sys/file.h> 52#include <sys/mount.h> 53 54#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 55#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 56#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 57#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 58 59#include <ctype.h> 60#include <errno.h> 61#include <paths.h> 62#include <stdio.h> 63#include <stdlib.h> 64#include <string.h> 65#include <syslog.h> 66#include <unistd.h> 67 68#if __STDC__ 69#include <stdarg.h> 70#else 71#include <varargs.h> 72#endif 73 74#include "mntopts.h" 75 76struct mntopt mopts[] = { 77 MOPT_STDOPTS, 78 MOPT_ASYNC, 79 { NULL }, 80}; 81 82#if __STDC__ 83void fatal(const char *fmt, ...); 84#else 85void fatal(); 86#endif 87 88#define COMPAT /* allow non-labeled disks */ 89 90/* 91 * The following two constants set the default block and fragment sizes. 92 * Both constants must be a power of 2 and meet the following constraints: 93 * MINBSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE <= MAXBSIZE 94 * sectorsize <= DESFRAGSIZE <= DESBLKSIZE 95 * DESBLKSIZE / DESFRAGSIZE <= 8 96 */ 97#define DFL_FRAGSIZE 1024 98#define DFL_BLKSIZE 8192 99 100/* 101 * Cylinder groups may have up to many cylinders. The actual 102 * number used depends upon how much information can be stored 103 * on a single cylinder. The default is to use 16 cylinders 104 * per group. 105 */ 106#define DESCPG 16 /* desired fs_cpg */ 107 108/* 109 * Once upon a time... 110 * ROTDELAY gives the minimum number of milliseconds to initiate 111 * another disk transfer on the same cylinder. It is used in 112 * determining the rotationally optimal layout for disk blocks 113 * within a file; the default of fs_rotdelay is 4ms. 114 * 115 * ...but now we make this 0 to disable the rotdelay delay because 116 * modern drives with read/write-behind achieve higher performance 117 * without the delay. 118 */ 119#define ROTDELAY 0 120 121/* 122 * MAXBLKPG determines the maximum number of data blocks which are 123 * placed in a single cylinder group. The default is one indirect 124 * block worth of data blocks. 125 */ 126#define MAXBLKPG(bsize) ((bsize) / sizeof(daddr_t)) 127 128/* 129 * Each file system has a number of inodes statically allocated. 130 * We allocate one inode slot per NFPI fragments, expecting this 131 * to be far more than we will ever need. 132 */ 133#define NFPI 4 134 135/* 136 * Once upon a time... 137 * For each cylinder we keep track of the availability of blocks at different 138 * rotational positions, so that we can lay out the data to be picked 139 * up with minimum rotational latency. NRPOS is the default number of 140 * rotational positions that we distinguish. With NRPOS of 8 the resolution 141 * of our summary information is 2ms for a typical 3600 rpm drive. 142 * 143 * ...but now we make this 1 (which escentially disables the rotational 144 * position table because modern drives with read-ahead and write-behind do 145 * better without the rotational position table. 146 */ 147#define NRPOS 1 /* number distinct rotational positions */ 148 149/* 150 * About the same time as the above, we knew what went where on the disks. 151 * no longer so, so kill the code which finds the different platters too... 152 * We do this by saying one head, with a lot of sectors on it. 153 * The number of sectors are used to determine the size of a cyl-group. 154 * Kirk suggested one or two meg per "cylinder" so we say two. 155 */ 156 157#define NTRACKS 1 /* number of heads */ 158 159#define NSECTORS 4096 /* number of sectors */ 160 161int mfs; /* run as the memory based filesystem */ 162int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 163int Oflag; /* format as an 4.3BSD file system */ 164int fssize; /* file system size */ 165int ntracks = NTRACKS; /* # tracks/cylinder */ 166int nsectors = NSECTORS; /* # sectors/track */ 167int nphyssectors; /* # sectors/track including spares */ 168int secpercyl; /* sectors per cylinder */ 169int trackspares = -1; /* spare sectors per track */ 170int cylspares = -1; /* spare sectors per cylinder */ 171int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 172int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 173int rpm; /* revolutions/minute of drive */ 174int interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ 175int trackskew = -1; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ 176int headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ 177int trackseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ 178int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 179int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 180int cpg = DESCPG; /* cylinders/cylinder group */ 181int cpgflg; /* cylinders/cylinder group flag was given */ 182int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 183int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 184int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 185int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 186int rotdelay = ROTDELAY; /* rotational delay between blocks */ 187int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 188int nrpos = NRPOS; /* # of distinguished rotational positions */ 189int bbsize = BBSIZE; /* boot block size */ 190int sbsize = SBSIZE; /* superblock size */ 191int mntflags = MNT_ASYNC; /* flags to be passed to mount */ 192int t_or_u_flag = 0; /* user has specified -t or -u */ 193u_long memleft; /* virtual memory available */ 194caddr_t membase; /* start address of memory based filesystem */ 195char *filename; 196#ifdef COMPAT 197char *disktype; 198int unlabeled; 199#endif 200 201char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 202char *progname; 203 204int 205main(argc, argv) 206 int argc; 207 char *argv[]; 208{ 209 extern char *optarg; 210 extern int optind; 211 register int ch; 212 register struct partition *pp; 213 register struct disklabel *lp; 214 struct disklabel *getdisklabel(); 215 struct partition oldpartition; 216 struct stat st; 217 struct statfs *mp; 218 int fsi, fso, len, n; 219 char *cp, *s1, *s2, *special, *opstring, buf[BUFSIZ]; 220#ifdef MFS 221 struct vfsconf vfc; 222 int error; 223#endif 224 225 if (progname = strrchr(*argv, '/')) 226 ++progname; 227 else 228 progname = *argv; 229 230 if (strstr(progname, "mfs")) { 231 mfs = 1; 232 Nflag++; 233 } 234 235 opstring = mfs ? 236 "NF:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:m:o:s:" : 237 "NOS:T:a:b:c:d:e:f:i:k:l:m:n:o:p:r:s:t:u:x:"; 238 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, opstring)) != EOF) 239 switch (ch) { 240 case 'N': 241 Nflag = 1; 242 break; 243 case 'O': 244 Oflag = 1; 245 break; 246 case 'S': 247 if ((sectorsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 248 fatal("%s: bad sector size", optarg); 249 break; 250#ifdef COMPAT 251 case 'T': 252 disktype = optarg; 253 break; 254#endif 255 case 'F': 256 filename = optarg; 257 break; 258 case 'a': 259 if ((maxcontig = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 260 fatal("%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks\n", 261 optarg); 262 break; 263 case 'b': 264 if ((bsize = atoi(optarg)) < MINBSIZE) 265 fatal("%s: bad block size", optarg); 266 break; 267 case 'c': 268 if ((cpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 269 fatal("%s: bad cylinders/group", optarg); 270 cpgflg++; 271 break; 272 case 'd': 273 if ((rotdelay = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 274 fatal("%s: bad rotational delay\n", optarg); 275 break; 276 case 'e': 277 if ((maxbpg = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 278 fatal("%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group\n", 279 optarg); 280 break; 281 case 'f': 282 if ((fsize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 283 fatal("%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 284 break; 285 case 'i': 286 if ((density = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 287 fatal("%s: bad bytes per inode\n", optarg); 288 break; 289 case 'k': 290 if ((trackskew = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 291 fatal("%s: bad track skew", optarg); 292 break; 293 case 'l': 294 if ((interleave = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 295 fatal("%s: bad interleave", optarg); 296 break; 297 case 'm': 298 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 299 fatal("%s: bad free space %%\n", optarg); 300 break; 301 case 'n': 302 if ((nrpos = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 303 fatal("%s: bad rotational layout count\n", 304 optarg); 305 if (nrpos == 0) 306 nrpos = 1; 307 break; 308 case 'o': 309 if (mfs) 310 getmntopts(optarg, mopts, &mntflags, 0); 311 else { 312 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 313 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 314 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 315 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 316 else 317 fatal("%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'."); 318 } 319 break; 320 case 'p': 321 if ((trackspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 322 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per track", 323 optarg); 324 break; 325 case 'r': 326 if ((rpm = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 327 fatal("%s: bad revolutions/minute\n", optarg); 328 break; 329 case 's': 330 if ((fssize = atoi(optarg)) <= 0) 331 fatal("%s: bad file system size", optarg); 332 break; 333 case 't': 334 t_or_u_flag++; 335 if ((ntracks = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 336 fatal("%s: bad total tracks", optarg); 337 break; 338 case 'u': 339 t_or_u_flag++; 340 if ((nsectors = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 341 fatal("%s: bad sectors/track", optarg); 342 break; 343 case 'x': 344 if ((cylspares = atoi(optarg)) < 0) 345 fatal("%s: bad spare sectors per cylinder", 346 optarg); 347 break; 348 case '?': 349 default: 350 usage(); 351 } 352 argc -= optind; 353 argv += optind; 354 355 if (argc != 2 && (mfs || argc != 1)) 356 usage(); 357 358 special = argv[0]; 359 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 360 if (cp == 0) { 361 /* 362 * No path prefix; try /dev/r%s then /dev/%s. 363 */ 364 (void)sprintf(device, "%sr%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 365 if (stat(device, &st) == -1) 366 (void)sprintf(device, "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 367 special = device; 368 } 369 if (Nflag) { 370 fso = -1; 371 } else { 372 fso = open(special, O_WRONLY); 373 if (fso < 0) 374 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 375 376 /* Bail if target special is mounted */ 377 n = getmntinfo(&mp, MNT_NOWAIT); 378 if (n == 0) 379 fatal("%s: getmntinfo: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 380 381 len = sizeof(_PATH_DEV) - 1; 382 s1 = special; 383 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s1, len) == 0) 384 s1 += len; 385 386 while (--n >= 0) { 387 s2 = mp->f_mntfromname; 388 if (strncmp(_PATH_DEV, s2, len) == 0) { 389 s2 += len - 1; 390 *s2 = 'r'; 391 } 392 if (strcmp(s1, s2) == 0 || strcmp(s1, &s2[1]) == 0) 393 fatal("%s is mounted on %s", 394 special, mp->f_mntonname); 395 ++mp; 396 } 397 } 398 if (mfs && disktype != NULL) { 399 lp = (struct disklabel *)getdiskbyname(disktype); 400 if (lp == NULL) 401 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 402 pp = &lp->d_partitions[1]; 403 } else { 404 fsi = open(special, O_RDONLY); 405 if (fsi < 0) 406 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 407 if (fstat(fsi, &st) < 0) 408 fatal("%s: %s", special, strerror(errno)); 409 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR && !mfs) 410 printf("%s: %s: not a character-special device\n", 411 progname, special); 412 cp = strchr(argv[0], '\0') - 1; 413 if (cp == (char *)-1 || 414 (*cp < 'a' || *cp > 'h') && !isdigit(*cp)) 415 fatal("%s: can't figure out file system partition", 416 argv[0]); 417#ifdef COMPAT 418 if (!mfs && disktype == NULL) 419 disktype = argv[1]; 420#endif 421 lp = getdisklabel(special, fsi); 422 if (isdigit(*cp)) 423 pp = &lp->d_partitions[0]; 424 else 425 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 426 if (pp->p_size == 0) 427 fatal("%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 428 argv[0], *cp); 429 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 430 fatal("%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 431 argv[0], *cp); 432 } 433 if (fssize == 0) 434 fssize = pp->p_size; 435 if (fssize > pp->p_size && !mfs) 436 fatal("%s: maximum file system size on the `%c' partition is %d", 437 argv[0], *cp, pp->p_size); 438 if (rpm == 0) { 439 rpm = lp->d_rpm; 440 if (rpm <= 0) 441 rpm = 3600; 442 } 443 if (ntracks == 0) { 444 ntracks = lp->d_ntracks; 445 if (ntracks <= 0) 446 fatal("%s: no default #tracks", argv[0]); 447 } 448 if (nsectors == 0) { 449 nsectors = lp->d_nsectors; 450 if (nsectors <= 0) 451 fatal("%s: no default #sectors/track", argv[0]); 452 } 453 if (sectorsize == 0) { 454 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 455 if (sectorsize <= 0) 456 fatal("%s: no default sector size", argv[0]); 457 } 458 if (trackskew == -1) { 459 trackskew = lp->d_trackskew; 460 if (trackskew < 0) 461 trackskew = 0; 462 } 463 if (interleave == 0) { 464 interleave = lp->d_interleave; 465 if (interleave <= 0) 466 interleave = 1; 467 } 468 if (fsize == 0) { 469 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 470 if (fsize <= 0) 471 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, lp->d_secsize); 472 } 473 if (bsize == 0) { 474 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 475 if (bsize <= 0) 476 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 477 } 478 /* 479 * Maxcontig sets the default for the maximum number of blocks 480 * that may be allocated sequentially. With filesystem clustering 481 * it is possible to allocate contiguous blocks up to the maximum 482 * transfer size permitted by the controller or buffering. 483 */ 484 if (maxcontig == 0) 485 maxcontig = MAX(1, MAXPHYS / bsize - 1); 486 if (density == 0) 487 density = NFPI * fsize; 488 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 489 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 490 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 491 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 492 } 493 if (trackspares == -1) { 494 trackspares = lp->d_sparespertrack; 495 if (trackspares < 0) 496 trackspares = 0; 497 } 498 nphyssectors = nsectors + trackspares; 499 if (cylspares == -1) { 500 cylspares = lp->d_sparespercyl; 501 if (cylspares < 0) 502 cylspares = 0; 503 } 504 secpercyl = nsectors * ntracks - cylspares; 505 /* 506 * Only complain if -t or -u have been specified; the default 507 * case (4096 sectors per cylinder) is intented to disagree 508 * with the disklabel. 509 */ 510 if (t_or_u_flag && secpercyl != lp->d_secpercyl) 511 fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d) %s (%lu)\n", 512 "Warning: calculated sectors per cylinder", secpercyl, 513 "disagrees with disk label", lp->d_secpercyl); 514 if (maxbpg == 0) 515 maxbpg = MAXBLKPG(bsize); 516 headswitch = lp->d_headswitch; 517 trackseek = lp->d_trkseek; 518#ifdef notdef /* label may be 0 if faked up by kernel */ 519 bbsize = lp->d_bbsize; 520 sbsize = lp->d_sbsize; 521#endif 522 oldpartition = *pp; 523#ifdef tahoe 524 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 525 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 526 int secperblk = DEV_BSIZE / sectorsize; 527 528 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 529 nsectors /= secperblk; 530 nphyssectors /= secperblk; 531 secpercyl /= secperblk; 532 fssize /= secperblk; 533 pp->p_size /= secperblk; 534 } 535#else 536 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 537 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 538 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 539 540 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 541 nsectors *= secperblk; 542 nphyssectors *= secperblk; 543 secpercyl *= secperblk; 544 fssize *= secperblk; 545 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 546 } 547#endif 548 mkfs(pp, special, fsi, fso); 549#ifdef tahoe 550 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 551 pp->p_size *= DEV_BSIZE / realsectorsize; 552#else 553 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 554 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize /DEV_BSIZE; 555#endif 556 if (!Nflag) 557 close(fso); 558 close(fsi); 559#ifdef MFS 560 if (mfs) { 561 struct mfs_args args; 562 563 sprintf(buf, "mfs:%d", getpid()); 564 args.fspec = buf; 565 args.export.ex_root = -2; 566 if (mntflags & MNT_RDONLY) 567 args.export.ex_flags = MNT_EXRDONLY; 568 else 569 args.export.ex_flags = 0; 570 args.base = membase; 571 args.size = fssize * sectorsize; 572 573 error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc); 574 if (error && vfsisloadable("mfs")) { 575 if (vfsload("mfs")) 576 fatal("vfsload(mfs)"); 577 endvfsent(); /* flush cache */ 578 error = getvfsbyname("mfs", &vfc); 579 } 580 if (error) 581 fatal("mfs filesystem not available"); 582 583 if (mount(vfc.vfc_name, argv[1], mntflags, &args) < 0) 584 fatal("%s: %s", argv[1], strerror(errno)); 585 if(filename) { 586 munmap(membase,fssize * sectorsize); 587 } 588 } 589#endif 590 exit(0); 591} 592 593#ifdef COMPAT 594char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label; disk type must be specified"; 595#else 596char lmsg[] = "%s: can't read disk label"; 597#endif 598 599struct disklabel * 600getdisklabel(s, fd) 601 char *s; 602 int fd; 603{ 604 static struct disklabel lab; 605 606 if (ioctl(fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) < 0) { 607#ifdef COMPAT 608 if (disktype) { 609 struct disklabel *lp, *getdiskbyname(); 610 611 unlabeled++; 612 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 613 if (lp == NULL) 614 fatal("%s: unknown disk type", disktype); 615 return (lp); 616 } 617#endif 618 warn("ioctl (GDINFO)"); 619 fatal(lmsg, s); 620 } 621 return (&lab); 622} 623 624/*VARARGS*/ 625void 626#if __STDC__ 627fatal(const char *fmt, ...) 628#else 629fatal(fmt, va_alist) 630 char *fmt; 631 va_dcl 632#endif 633{ 634 va_list ap; 635 636#if __STDC__ 637 va_start(ap, fmt); 638#else 639 va_start(ap); 640#endif 641 if (fcntl(STDERR_FILENO, F_GETFL) < 0) { 642 openlog(progname, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON); 643 vsyslog(LOG_ERR, fmt, ap); 644 closelog(); 645 } else { 646 vwarnx(fmt, ap); 647 } 648 va_end(ap); 649 exit(1); 650 /*NOTREACHED*/ 651} 652 653usage() 654{ 655 if (mfs) { 656 fprintf(stderr, 657 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device mount-point\n", 658 progname); 659 } else 660 fprintf(stderr, 661 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 662 progname, 663#ifdef COMPAT 664 " [device-type]"); 665#else 666 ""); 667#endif 668 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 669 fprintf(stderr, 670 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 671 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O create a 4.3BSD format filesystem\n"); 672 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 673#ifdef COMPAT 674 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 675#endif 676 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 677 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 678 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c cylinders/group\n"); 679 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d rotational delay between contiguous blocks\n"); 680 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 681 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 682 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 683 fprintf(stderr, "\t-k sector 0 skew, per track\n"); 684 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l hardware sector interleave\n"); 685 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 686 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n number of distinguished rotational positions\n"); 687 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 688 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p spare sectors per track\n"); 689 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 690 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r revolutions/minute\n"); 691 fprintf(stderr, "\t-t tracks/cylinder\n"); 692 fprintf(stderr, "\t-u sectors/track\n"); 693 fprintf(stderr, "\t-x spare sectors per cylinder\n"); 694 exit(1); 695} 696