newfs.c revision 204909
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39#if 0 40#ifndef lint 41static const char copyright[] = 42"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44#endif /* not lint */ 45 46#ifndef lint 47static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48#endif /* not lint */ 49#endif 50#include <sys/cdefs.h> 51__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs/newfs.c 204909 2010-03-09 10:31:03Z sobomax $"); 52 53/* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56#include <sys/param.h> 57#include <sys/stat.h> 58#include <sys/disk.h> 59#include <sys/disklabel.h> 60#include <sys/file.h> 61#include <sys/mount.h> 62 63#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68#include <ctype.h> 69#include <err.h> 70#include <errno.h> 71#include <inttypes.h> 72#include <paths.h> 73#include <stdarg.h> 74#include <stdio.h> 75#include <stdlib.h> 76#include <string.h> 77#include <syslog.h> 78#include <unistd.h> 79 80#include <libutil.h> 81 82#include "newfs.h" 83 84int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 85int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 86int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 87int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 88int Rflag; /* regression test */ 89int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 90int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 91int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 92int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 93int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 94intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 95int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 96int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 97int64_t fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 98int64_t bsize = 0; /* block size */ 99int64_t maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 100int64_t maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 101int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 102int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 103int64_t density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 104int64_t maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 105int64_t maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 106int64_t avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 107int64_t avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 108u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 109struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 110 111static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 112static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 113static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 114static char *dkname; 115static char *disktype; 116static int unlabeled; 117 118static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 119static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 120static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 121static void usage(void); 122static int expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num); 123 124ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 125 126int 127main(int argc, char *argv[]) 128{ 129 struct partition *pp; 130 struct disklabel *lp; 131 struct partition oldpartition; 132 struct stat st; 133 char *cp, *special; 134 intmax_t reserved; 135 int ch, i, rval; 136 off_t mediasize; 137 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 138 139 part_name = 'c'; 140 reserved = 0; 141 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 142 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1) 143 switch (ch) { 144 case 'E': 145 Eflag = 1; 146 break; 147 case 'J': 148 Jflag = 1; 149 break; 150 case 'L': 151 volumelabel = optarg; 152 i = -1; 153 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 154 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 155 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 156 } 157 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 158 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 159 MAXVOLLEN); 160 } 161 Lflag = 1; 162 break; 163 case 'N': 164 Nflag = 1; 165 break; 166 case 'O': 167 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 168 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 169 optarg); 170 break; 171 case 'R': 172 Rflag = 1; 173 break; 174 case 'S': 175 rval = expand_number_int(optarg, §orsize); 176 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0) 177 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 178 break; 179 case 'T': 180 disktype = optarg; 181 break; 182 case 'U': 183 Uflag = 1; 184 break; 185 case 'X': 186 Xflag++; 187 break; 188 case 'a': 189 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxcontig); 190 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0) 191 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 192 optarg); 193 break; 194 case 'b': 195 rval = expand_number(optarg, &bsize); 196 if (rval < 0) 197 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", 198 optarg); 199 if (bsize < MINBSIZE) 200 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 201 optarg, MINBSIZE); 202 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 203 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 204 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 205 break; 206 case 'c': 207 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxblkspercg); 208 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0) 209 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 210 optarg); 211 break; 212 case 'd': 213 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxbsize); 214 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE) 215 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 216 break; 217 case 'e': 218 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxbpg); 219 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0) 220 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 221 optarg); 222 break; 223 case 'f': 224 rval = expand_number(optarg, &fsize); 225 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0) 226 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 227 break; 228 case 'g': 229 rval = expand_number(optarg, &avgfilesize); 230 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0) 231 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 232 break; 233 case 'h': 234 rval = expand_number(optarg, &avgfilesperdir); 235 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0) 236 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 237 break; 238 case 'i': 239 rval = expand_number(optarg, &density); 240 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0) 241 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 242 break; 243 case 'l': 244 lflag = 1; 245 break; 246 case 'm': 247 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 248 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 249 break; 250 case 'n': 251 nflag = 1; 252 break; 253 case 'o': 254 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 255 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 256 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 257 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 258 else 259 errx(1, 260 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 261 optarg); 262 break; 263 case 'r': 264 errno = 0; 265 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 266 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 267 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 268 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 269 break; 270 case 'p': 271 is_file = 1; 272 part_name = optarg[0]; 273 break; 274 275 case 's': 276 errno = 0; 277 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 278 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 279 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 280 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 281 break; 282 case '?': 283 default: 284 usage(); 285 } 286 argc -= optind; 287 argv += optind; 288 289 if (argc != 1) 290 usage(); 291 292 special = argv[0]; 293 if (!special[0]) 294 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 295 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 296 if (cp == 0) { 297 /* 298 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 299 */ 300 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 301 special = device; 302 } 303 304 if (is_file) { 305 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 306 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 307 disk.d_bsize = 1; 308 disk.d_name = special; 309 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 310 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 311 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 312 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 313 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 314 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 315 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 316 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 317 else 318 err(1, "%s", special); 319 } 320 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 321 err(1, "%s", special); 322 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 323 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 324 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 325 dkname = special; 326 if (sectorsize == 0) 327 sectorsize = 512; 328 mediasize = st.st_size; 329 /* set fssize from the partition */ 330 } else { 331 if (sectorsize == 0) 332 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 333 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 334 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 335 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 336 } 337 pp = NULL; 338 lp = getdisklabel(special); 339 if (lp != NULL) { 340 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 341 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 342 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 343 !isdigit(part_name)) 344 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 345 special); 346 cp = &part_name; 347 if (isdigit(*cp)) 348 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 349 else 350 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 351 oldpartition = *pp; 352 if (pp->p_size == 0) 353 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 354 special, *cp); 355 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 356 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 357 special, *cp); 358 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 359 if (sectorsize == 0) 360 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 361 if (fsize == 0) 362 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 363 if (bsize == 0) 364 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 365 if (is_file) 366 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 367 } 368 if (sectorsize <= 0) 369 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 370 if (fsize <= 0) 371 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 372 if (bsize <= 0) 373 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 374 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 375 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 376 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 377 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 378 } 379 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 380 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 381 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 382 383 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 384 fssize *= secperblk; 385 if (pp != NULL) 386 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 387 } 388 mkfs(pp, special); 389 if (!unlabeled) { 390 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 391 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 392 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 393 rewritelabel(special, lp); 394 } 395 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 396 exit(0); 397} 398 399void 400getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 401{ 402 intmax_t available; 403 404 available = disksize - reserved; 405 if (available <= 0) 406 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 407 s, disksize); 408 if (*fsz == 0) 409 *fsz = available; 410 else if (*fsz > available) 411 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 412 s, available); 413} 414 415struct disklabel * 416getdisklabel(char *s) 417{ 418 static struct disklabel lab; 419 struct disklabel *lp; 420 421 if (is_file) { 422 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 423 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 424 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 425 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 426 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 427 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 428 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 429 430 lp = &lab; 431 return &lab; 432 } 433 434 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 435 return (&lab); 436 unlabeled++; 437 if (disktype) { 438 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 439 if (lp != NULL) 440 return (lp); 441 } 442 return (NULL); 443} 444 445void 446rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 447{ 448 if (unlabeled) 449 return; 450 lp->d_checksum = 0; 451 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 452 if (is_file) { 453 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 454 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 455 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 456 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 457 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 458 return; 459 } 460 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 461 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 462} 463 464static void 465usage() 466{ 467 fprintf(stderr, 468 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 469 getprogname(), 470 " [device-type]"); 471 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 474 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 475 fprintf(stderr, 476 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 487 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 488 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 489 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 490 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 491 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 494 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 495 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 496 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 497 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 498 exit(1); 499} 500 501static int 502expand_number_int(const char *buf, int *num) 503{ 504 int64_t num64; 505 int rval; 506 507 rval = expand_number(buf, &num64); 508 if (rval != 0) 509 return (rval); 510 if (num64 > INT_MAX) { 511 errno = ERANGE; 512 return (-1); 513 } 514 *num = (int)num64; 515 return (0); 516} 517