newfs.c revision 204654
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39#if 0 40#ifndef lint 41static const char copyright[] = 42"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44#endif /* not lint */ 45 46#ifndef lint 47static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48#endif /* not lint */ 49#endif 50#include <sys/cdefs.h> 51__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs/newfs.c 204654 2010-03-03 19:25:28Z sobomax $"); 52 53/* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56#include <sys/param.h> 57#include <sys/stat.h> 58#include <sys/disk.h> 59#include <sys/disklabel.h> 60#include <sys/file.h> 61#include <sys/mount.h> 62 63#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68#include <ctype.h> 69#include <err.h> 70#include <errno.h> 71#include <inttypes.h> 72#include <paths.h> 73#include <stdarg.h> 74#include <stdio.h> 75#include <stdlib.h> 76#include <string.h> 77#include <syslog.h> 78#include <unistd.h> 79 80#include <libutil.h> 81 82#include "newfs.h" 83 84int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 85int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 86int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 87int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 88int Rflag; /* regression test */ 89int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 90int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 91int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 92int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 93int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 94intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 95int64_t sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 96int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 97int64_t fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 98int64_t bsize = 0; /* block size */ 99int64_t maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 100int64_t maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 101int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 102int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 103int64_t density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 104int64_t maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 105int64_t maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 106int64_t avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 107int64_t avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 108u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 109struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 110 111static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 112static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 113static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 114static char *dkname; 115static char *disktype; 116static int unlabeled; 117 118static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 119static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 120static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 121static void usage(void); 122 123ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 124 125int 126main(int argc, char *argv[]) 127{ 128 struct partition *pp; 129 struct disklabel *lp; 130 struct partition oldpartition; 131 struct stat st; 132 char *cp, *special; 133 intmax_t reserved; 134 int ch, i, rval; 135 off_t mediasize; 136 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 137 138 part_name = 'c'; 139 reserved = 0; 140 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 141 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1) 142 switch (ch) { 143 case 'E': 144 Eflag = 1; 145 break; 146 case 'J': 147 Jflag = 1; 148 break; 149 case 'L': 150 volumelabel = optarg; 151 i = -1; 152 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 153 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 154 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 155 } 156 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 157 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 158 MAXVOLLEN); 159 } 160 Lflag = 1; 161 break; 162 case 'N': 163 Nflag = 1; 164 break; 165 case 'O': 166 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 167 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 168 optarg); 169 break; 170 case 'R': 171 Rflag = 1; 172 break; 173 case 'S': 174 rval = expand_number(optarg, §orsize); 175 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0) 176 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 177 break; 178 case 'T': 179 disktype = optarg; 180 break; 181 case 'U': 182 Uflag = 1; 183 break; 184 case 'X': 185 Xflag++; 186 break; 187 case 'a': 188 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxcontig); 189 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0) 190 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 191 optarg); 192 break; 193 case 'b': 194 rval = expand_number(optarg, &bsize); 195 if (rval < 0) 196 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", 197 optarg); 198 if (bsize < MINBSIZE) 199 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 200 optarg, MINBSIZE); 201 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 202 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 203 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 204 break; 205 case 'c': 206 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxblkspercg); 207 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0) 208 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 209 optarg); 210 break; 211 case 'd': 212 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxbsize); 213 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE) 214 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 215 break; 216 case 'e': 217 rval = expand_number(optarg, &maxbpg); 218 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0) 219 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 220 optarg); 221 break; 222 case 'f': 223 rval = expand_number(optarg, &fsize); 224 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0) 225 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 226 break; 227 case 'g': 228 rval = expand_number(optarg, &avgfilesize); 229 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0) 230 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 231 break; 232 case 'h': 233 rval = expand_number(optarg, &avgfilesperdir); 234 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0) 235 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 236 break; 237 case 'i': 238 rval = expand_number(optarg, &density); 239 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0) 240 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 241 break; 242 case 'l': 243 lflag = 1; 244 break; 245 case 'm': 246 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 247 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 248 break; 249 case 'n': 250 nflag = 1; 251 break; 252 case 'o': 253 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 254 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 255 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 256 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 257 else 258 errx(1, 259 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 260 optarg); 261 break; 262 case 'r': 263 errno = 0; 264 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 265 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 266 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 267 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 268 break; 269 case 'p': 270 is_file = 1; 271 part_name = optarg[0]; 272 break; 273 274 case 's': 275 errno = 0; 276 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 277 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 278 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 279 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 280 break; 281 case '?': 282 default: 283 usage(); 284 } 285 argc -= optind; 286 argv += optind; 287 288 if (argc != 1) 289 usage(); 290 291 special = argv[0]; 292 if (!special[0]) 293 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 294 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 295 if (cp == 0) { 296 /* 297 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 298 */ 299 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 300 special = device; 301 } 302 303 if (is_file) { 304 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 305 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 306 disk.d_bsize = 1; 307 disk.d_name = special; 308 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 309 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 310 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 311 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 312 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 313 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 314 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 315 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 316 else 317 err(1, "%s", special); 318 } 319 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 320 err(1, "%s", special); 321 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 322 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 323 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 324 dkname = special; 325 if (sectorsize == 0) 326 sectorsize = 512; 327 mediasize = st.st_size; 328 /* set fssize from the partition */ 329 } else { 330 if (sectorsize == 0) 331 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 332 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 333 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 334 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 335 } 336 pp = NULL; 337 lp = getdisklabel(special); 338 if (lp != NULL) { 339 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 340 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 341 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 342 !isdigit(part_name)) 343 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 344 special); 345 cp = &part_name; 346 if (isdigit(*cp)) 347 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 348 else 349 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 350 oldpartition = *pp; 351 if (pp->p_size == 0) 352 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 353 special, *cp); 354 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 355 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 356 special, *cp); 357 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 358 if (sectorsize == 0) 359 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 360 if (fsize == 0) 361 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 362 if (bsize == 0) 363 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 364 if (is_file) 365 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 366 } 367 if (sectorsize <= 0) 368 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 369 if (fsize <= 0) 370 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 371 if (bsize <= 0) 372 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 373 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 374 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 375 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 376 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 377 } 378 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 379 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 380 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 381 382 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 383 fssize *= secperblk; 384 if (pp != NULL) 385 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 386 } 387 mkfs(pp, special); 388 if (!unlabeled) { 389 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 390 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 391 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 392 rewritelabel(special, lp); 393 } 394 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 395 exit(0); 396} 397 398void 399getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 400{ 401 intmax_t available; 402 403 available = disksize - reserved; 404 if (available <= 0) 405 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 406 s, disksize); 407 if (*fsz == 0) 408 *fsz = available; 409 else if (*fsz > available) 410 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 411 s, available); 412} 413 414struct disklabel * 415getdisklabel(char *s) 416{ 417 static struct disklabel lab; 418 struct disklabel *lp; 419 420 if (is_file) { 421 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 422 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 423 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 424 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 425 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 426 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 427 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 428 429 lp = &lab; 430 return &lab; 431 } 432 433 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 434 return (&lab); 435 unlabeled++; 436 if (disktype) { 437 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 438 if (lp != NULL) 439 return (lp); 440 } 441 return (NULL); 442} 443 444void 445rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 446{ 447 if (unlabeled) 448 return; 449 lp->d_checksum = 0; 450 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 451 if (is_file) { 452 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 453 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 454 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 455 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 456 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 457 return; 458 } 459 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 460 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 461} 462 463static void 464usage() 465{ 466 fprintf(stderr, 467 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 468 getprogname(), 469 " [device-type]"); 470 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 473 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 474 fprintf(stderr, 475 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 487 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 488 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 489 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 490 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 491 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 494 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 495 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 496 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 497 exit(1); 498} 499