newfs.c revision 204615
1/* 2 * Copyright (c) 2002 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. 3 * All rights reserved. 4 * 5 * This software was developed for the FreeBSD Project by Marshall 6 * Kirk McKusick and Network Associates Laboratories, the Security 7 * Research Division of Network Associates, Inc. under DARPA/SPAWAR 8 * contract N66001-01-C-8035 ("CBOSS"), as part of the DARPA CHATS 9 * research program. 10 * 11 * Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994 12 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 13 * 14 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 15 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 16 * are met: 17 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 18 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 19 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 20 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 21 * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 22 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 23 * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 24 * without specific prior written permission. 25 * 26 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 27 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 28 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 29 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 30 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 31 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 32 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 33 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 34 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 35 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 36 * SUCH DAMAGE. 37 */ 38 39#if 0 40#ifndef lint 41static const char copyright[] = 42"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1989, 1993, 1994\n\ 43 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; 44#endif /* not lint */ 45 46#ifndef lint 47static char sccsid[] = "@(#)newfs.c 8.13 (Berkeley) 5/1/95"; 48#endif /* not lint */ 49#endif 50#include <sys/cdefs.h> 51__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: head/sbin/newfs/newfs.c 204615 2010-03-03 02:05:09Z sobomax $"); 52 53/* 54 * newfs: friendly front end to mkfs 55 */ 56#include <sys/param.h> 57#include <sys/stat.h> 58#include <sys/disk.h> 59#include <sys/disklabel.h> 60#include <sys/file.h> 61#include <sys/mount.h> 62 63#include <ufs/ufs/dir.h> 64#include <ufs/ufs/dinode.h> 65#include <ufs/ffs/fs.h> 66#include <ufs/ufs/ufsmount.h> 67 68#include <ctype.h> 69#include <err.h> 70#include <errno.h> 71#include <inttypes.h> 72#include <paths.h> 73#include <stdarg.h> 74#include <stdio.h> 75#include <stdlib.h> 76#include <string.h> 77#include <syslog.h> 78#include <unistd.h> 79 80#include "newfs.h" 81 82int Eflag; /* Erase previous disk contents */ 83int Lflag; /* add a volume label */ 84int Nflag; /* run without writing file system */ 85int Oflag = 2; /* file system format (1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2) */ 86int Rflag; /* regression test */ 87int Uflag; /* enable soft updates for file system */ 88int Xflag = 0; /* exit in middle of newfs for testing */ 89int Jflag; /* enable gjournal for file system */ 90int lflag; /* enable multilabel for file system */ 91int nflag; /* do not create .snap directory */ 92intmax_t fssize; /* file system size */ 93int sectorsize; /* bytes/sector */ 94int realsectorsize; /* bytes/sector in hardware */ 95int fsize = 0; /* fragment size */ 96int bsize = 0; /* block size */ 97int maxbsize = 0; /* maximum clustering */ 98int maxblkspercg = MAXBLKSPERCG; /* maximum blocks per cylinder group */ 99int minfree = MINFREE; /* free space threshold */ 100int opt = DEFAULTOPT; /* optimization preference (space or time) */ 101int density; /* number of bytes per inode */ 102int maxcontig = 0; /* max contiguous blocks to allocate */ 103int maxbpg; /* maximum blocks per file in a cyl group */ 104int avgfilesize = AVFILESIZ;/* expected average file size */ 105int avgfilesperdir = AFPDIR;/* expected number of files per directory */ 106u_char *volumelabel = NULL; /* volume label for filesystem */ 107struct uufsd disk; /* libufs disk structure */ 108 109static char device[MAXPATHLEN]; 110static u_char bootarea[BBSIZE]; 111static int is_file; /* work on a file, not a device */ 112static char *dkname; 113static char *disktype; 114static int unlabeled; 115 116static void getfssize(intmax_t *, const char *p, intmax_t, intmax_t); 117static struct disklabel *getdisklabel(char *s); 118static void rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp); 119static void usage(void); 120static int parselength(const char *ls, int *sz); 121 122ufs2_daddr_t part_ofs; /* partition offset in blocks, used with files */ 123 124int 125main(int argc, char *argv[]) 126{ 127 struct partition *pp; 128 struct disklabel *lp; 129 struct partition oldpartition; 130 struct stat st; 131 char *cp, *special; 132 intmax_t reserved; 133 int ch, i, rval; 134 off_t mediasize; 135 char part_name; /* partition name, default to full disk */ 136 137 part_name = 'c'; 138 reserved = 0; 139 while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, 140 "EJL:NO:RS:T:UXa:b:c:d:e:f:g:h:i:lm:no:r:s:")) != -1) 141 switch (ch) { 142 case 'E': 143 Eflag = 1; 144 break; 145 case 'J': 146 Jflag = 1; 147 break; 148 case 'L': 149 volumelabel = optarg; 150 i = -1; 151 while (isalnum(volumelabel[++i])); 152 if (volumelabel[i] != '\0') { 153 errx(1, "bad volume label. Valid characters are alphanumerics."); 154 } 155 if (strlen(volumelabel) >= MAXVOLLEN) { 156 errx(1, "bad volume label. Length is longer than %d.", 157 MAXVOLLEN); 158 } 159 Lflag = 1; 160 break; 161 case 'N': 162 Nflag = 1; 163 break; 164 case 'O': 165 if ((Oflag = atoi(optarg)) < 1 || Oflag > 2) 166 errx(1, "%s: bad file system format value", 167 optarg); 168 break; 169 case 'R': 170 Rflag = 1; 171 break; 172 case 'S': 173 rval = parselength(optarg, §orsize); 174 if (rval < 0 || sectorsize <= 0) 175 errx(1, "%s: bad sector size", optarg); 176 break; 177 case 'T': 178 disktype = optarg; 179 break; 180 case 'U': 181 Uflag = 1; 182 break; 183 case 'X': 184 Xflag++; 185 break; 186 case 'a': 187 rval = parselength(optarg, &maxcontig); 188 if (rval < 0 || maxcontig <= 0) 189 errx(1, "%s: bad maximum contiguous blocks", 190 optarg); 191 break; 192 case 'b': 193 rval = parselength(optarg, &bsize); 194 if (rval < 0) 195 errx(1, "%s: bad block size", 196 optarg); 197 if (bsize < MINBSIZE) 198 errx(1, "%s: block size too small, min is %d", 199 optarg, MINBSIZE); 200 if (bsize > MAXBSIZE) 201 errx(1, "%s: block size too large, max is %d", 202 optarg, MAXBSIZE); 203 break; 204 case 'c': 205 rval = parselength(optarg, &maxblkspercg); 206 if (rval < 0 || maxblkspercg <= 0) 207 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per cylinder group", 208 optarg); 209 break; 210 case 'd': 211 rval = parselength(optarg, &maxbsize); 212 if (rval < 0 || maxbsize < MINBSIZE) 213 errx(1, "%s: bad extent block size", optarg); 214 break; 215 case 'e': 216 rval = parselength(optarg, &maxbpg); 217 if (rval < 0 || maxbpg <= 0) 218 errx(1, "%s: bad blocks per file in a cylinder group", 219 optarg); 220 break; 221 case 'f': 222 rval = parselength(optarg, &fsize); 223 if (rval < 0 || fsize <= 0) 224 errx(1, "%s: bad fragment size", optarg); 225 break; 226 case 'g': 227 rval = parselength(optarg, &avgfilesize); 228 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesize <= 0) 229 errx(1, "%s: bad average file size", optarg); 230 break; 231 case 'h': 232 rval = parselength(optarg, &avgfilesperdir); 233 if (rval < 0 || avgfilesperdir <= 0) 234 errx(1, "%s: bad average files per dir", optarg); 235 break; 236 case 'i': 237 rval = parselength(optarg, &density); 238 if (rval < 0 || density <= 0) 239 errx(1, "%s: bad bytes per inode", optarg); 240 break; 241 case 'l': 242 lflag = 1; 243 break; 244 case 'm': 245 if ((minfree = atoi(optarg)) < 0 || minfree > 99) 246 errx(1, "%s: bad free space %%", optarg); 247 break; 248 case 'n': 249 nflag = 1; 250 break; 251 case 'o': 252 if (strcmp(optarg, "space") == 0) 253 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 254 else if (strcmp(optarg, "time") == 0) 255 opt = FS_OPTTIME; 256 else 257 errx(1, 258 "%s: unknown optimization preference: use `space' or `time'", 259 optarg); 260 break; 261 case 'r': 262 errno = 0; 263 reserved = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 264 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 265 *cp != '\0' || reserved < 0) 266 errx(1, "%s: bad reserved size", optarg); 267 break; 268 case 'p': 269 is_file = 1; 270 part_name = optarg[0]; 271 break; 272 273 case 's': 274 errno = 0; 275 fssize = strtoimax(optarg, &cp, 0); 276 if (errno != 0 || cp == optarg || 277 *cp != '\0' || fssize < 0) 278 errx(1, "%s: bad file system size", optarg); 279 break; 280 case '?': 281 default: 282 usage(); 283 } 284 argc -= optind; 285 argv += optind; 286 287 if (argc != 1) 288 usage(); 289 290 special = argv[0]; 291 if (!special[0]) 292 err(1, "empty file/special name"); 293 cp = strrchr(special, '/'); 294 if (cp == 0) { 295 /* 296 * No path prefix; try prefixing _PATH_DEV. 297 */ 298 snprintf(device, sizeof(device), "%s%s", _PATH_DEV, special); 299 special = device; 300 } 301 302 if (is_file) { 303 /* bypass ufs_disk_fillout_blank */ 304 bzero( &disk, sizeof(disk)); 305 disk.d_bsize = 1; 306 disk.d_name = special; 307 disk.d_fd = open(special, O_RDONLY); 308 if (disk.d_fd < 0 || 309 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) 310 errx(1, "%s: ", special); 311 } else if (ufs_disk_fillout_blank(&disk, special) == -1 || 312 (!Nflag && ufs_disk_write(&disk) == -1)) { 313 if (disk.d_error != NULL) 314 errx(1, "%s: %s", special, disk.d_error); 315 else 316 err(1, "%s", special); 317 } 318 if (fstat(disk.d_fd, &st) < 0) 319 err(1, "%s", special); 320 if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFCHR) { 321 warn("%s: not a character-special device", special); 322 is_file = 1; /* assume it is a file */ 323 dkname = special; 324 if (sectorsize == 0) 325 sectorsize = 512; 326 mediasize = st.st_size; 327 /* set fssize from the partition */ 328 } else { 329 if (sectorsize == 0) 330 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGSECTORSIZE, §orsize) == -1) 331 sectorsize = 0; /* back out on error for safety */ 332 if (sectorsize && ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGMEDIASIZE, &mediasize) != -1) 333 getfssize(&fssize, special, mediasize / sectorsize, reserved); 334 } 335 pp = NULL; 336 lp = getdisklabel(special); 337 if (lp != NULL) { 338 if (!is_file) /* already set for files */ 339 part_name = special[strlen(special) - 1]; 340 if ((part_name < 'a' || part_name - 'a' >= MAXPARTITIONS) && 341 !isdigit(part_name)) 342 errx(1, "%s: can't figure out file system partition", 343 special); 344 cp = &part_name; 345 if (isdigit(*cp)) 346 pp = &lp->d_partitions[RAW_PART]; 347 else 348 pp = &lp->d_partitions[*cp - 'a']; 349 oldpartition = *pp; 350 if (pp->p_size == 0) 351 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition is unavailable", 352 special, *cp); 353 if (pp->p_fstype == FS_BOOT) 354 errx(1, "%s: `%c' partition overlaps boot program", 355 special, *cp); 356 getfssize(&fssize, special, pp->p_size, reserved); 357 if (sectorsize == 0) 358 sectorsize = lp->d_secsize; 359 if (fsize == 0) 360 fsize = pp->p_fsize; 361 if (bsize == 0) 362 bsize = pp->p_frag * pp->p_fsize; 363 if (is_file) 364 part_ofs = pp->p_offset; 365 } 366 if (sectorsize <= 0) 367 errx(1, "%s: no default sector size", special); 368 if (fsize <= 0) 369 fsize = MAX(DFL_FRAGSIZE, sectorsize); 370 if (bsize <= 0) 371 bsize = MIN(DFL_BLKSIZE, 8 * fsize); 372 if (minfree < MINFREE && opt != FS_OPTSPACE) { 373 fprintf(stderr, "Warning: changing optimization to space "); 374 fprintf(stderr, "because minfree is less than %d%%\n", MINFREE); 375 opt = FS_OPTSPACE; 376 } 377 realsectorsize = sectorsize; 378 if (sectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) { /* XXX */ 379 int secperblk = sectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 380 381 sectorsize = DEV_BSIZE; 382 fssize *= secperblk; 383 if (pp != NULL) 384 pp->p_size *= secperblk; 385 } 386 mkfs(pp, special); 387 if (!unlabeled) { 388 if (realsectorsize != DEV_BSIZE) 389 pp->p_size /= realsectorsize / DEV_BSIZE; 390 if (!Nflag && bcmp(pp, &oldpartition, sizeof(oldpartition))) 391 rewritelabel(special, lp); 392 } 393 ufs_disk_close(&disk); 394 exit(0); 395} 396 397void 398getfssize(intmax_t *fsz, const char *s, intmax_t disksize, intmax_t reserved) 399{ 400 intmax_t available; 401 402 available = disksize - reserved; 403 if (available <= 0) 404 errx(1, "%s: reserved not less than device size %jd", 405 s, disksize); 406 if (*fsz == 0) 407 *fsz = available; 408 else if (*fsz > available) 409 errx(1, "%s: maximum file system size is %jd", 410 s, available); 411} 412 413struct disklabel * 414getdisklabel(char *s) 415{ 416 static struct disklabel lab; 417 struct disklabel *lp; 418 419 if (is_file) { 420 if (read(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 421 err(4, "cannot read bootarea"); 422 if (bsd_disklabel_le_dec( 423 bootarea + (0 /* labeloffset */ + 424 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize), 425 &lab, MAXPARTITIONS)) 426 errx(1, "no valid label found"); 427 428 lp = &lab; 429 return &lab; 430 } 431 432 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCGDINFO, (char *)&lab) != -1) 433 return (&lab); 434 unlabeled++; 435 if (disktype) { 436 lp = getdiskbyname(disktype); 437 if (lp != NULL) 438 return (lp); 439 } 440 return (NULL); 441} 442 443void 444rewritelabel(char *s, struct disklabel *lp) 445{ 446 if (unlabeled) 447 return; 448 lp->d_checksum = 0; 449 lp->d_checksum = dkcksum(lp); 450 if (is_file) { 451 bsd_disklabel_le_enc(bootarea + 0 /* labeloffset */ + 452 1 /* labelsoffset */ * sectorsize, lp); 453 lseek(disk.d_fd, 0, SEEK_SET); 454 if (write(disk.d_fd, bootarea, BBSIZE) != BBSIZE) 455 errx(1, "cannot write label"); 456 return; 457 } 458 if (ioctl(disk.d_fd, DIOCWDINFO, (char *)lp) == -1) 459 warn("ioctl (WDINFO): %s: can't rewrite disk label", s); 460} 461 462static void 463usage() 464{ 465 fprintf(stderr, 466 "usage: %s [ -fsoptions ] special-device%s\n", 467 getprogname(), 468 " [device-type]"); 469 fprintf(stderr, "where fsoptions are:\n"); 470 fprintf(stderr, "\t-E Erase previous disk content\n"); 471 fprintf(stderr, "\t-J Enable journaling via gjournal\n"); 472 fprintf(stderr, "\t-L volume label to add to superblock\n"); 473 fprintf(stderr, 474 "\t-N do not create file system, just print out parameters\n"); 475 fprintf(stderr, "\t-O file system format: 1 => UFS1, 2 => UFS2\n"); 476 fprintf(stderr, "\t-R regression test, suppress random factors\n"); 477 fprintf(stderr, "\t-S sector size\n"); 478 fprintf(stderr, "\t-T disktype\n"); 479 fprintf(stderr, "\t-U enable soft updates\n"); 480 fprintf(stderr, "\t-a maximum contiguous blocks\n"); 481 fprintf(stderr, "\t-b block size\n"); 482 fprintf(stderr, "\t-c blocks per cylinders group\n"); 483 fprintf(stderr, "\t-d maximum extent size\n"); 484 fprintf(stderr, "\t-e maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group\n"); 485 fprintf(stderr, "\t-f frag size\n"); 486 fprintf(stderr, "\t-g average file size\n"); 487 fprintf(stderr, "\t-h average files per directory\n"); 488 fprintf(stderr, "\t-i number of bytes per inode\n"); 489 fprintf(stderr, "\t-l enable multilabel MAC\n"); 490 fprintf(stderr, "\t-n do not create .snap directory\n"); 491 fprintf(stderr, "\t-m minimum free space %%\n"); 492 fprintf(stderr, "\t-o optimization preference (`space' or `time')\n"); 493 fprintf(stderr, "\t-p partition name (a..h)\n"); 494 fprintf(stderr, "\t-r reserved sectors at the end of device\n"); 495 fprintf(stderr, "\t-s file system size (sectors)\n"); 496 exit(1); 497} 498 499/* 500 * Return the numeric value of a string given in the form [+-][0-9]+[GMKT] 501 * or -1 on format error or overflow. 502 */ 503static int 504parselength(const char *ls, int *sz) 505{ 506 off_t length, oflow; 507 int lsign; 508 509 length = 0; 510 lsign = 1; 511 512 switch (*ls) { 513 case '-': 514 lsign = -1; 515 case '+': 516 ls++; 517 } 518 519#define ASSIGN_CHK_OFLOW(x, y) if (x < y) return -1; y = x 520 /* 521 * Calculate the value of the decimal digit string, failing 522 * on overflow. 523 */ 524 while (isdigit(*ls)) { 525 oflow = length * 10 + *ls++ - '0'; 526 ASSIGN_CHK_OFLOW(oflow, length); 527 } 528 529 switch (*ls) { 530 case 'T': 531 case 't': 532 oflow = length * 1024; 533 ASSIGN_CHK_OFLOW(oflow, length); 534 case 'G': 535 case 'g': 536 oflow = length * 1024; 537 ASSIGN_CHK_OFLOW(oflow, length); 538 case 'M': 539 case 'm': 540 oflow = length * 1024; 541 ASSIGN_CHK_OFLOW(oflow, length); 542 case 'K': 543 case 'k': 544 if (ls[1] != '\0') 545 return -1; 546 oflow = length * 1024; 547 ASSIGN_CHK_OFLOW(oflow, length); 548 case '\0': 549 break; 550 default: 551 return -1; 552 } 553 554 *sz = length * lsign; 555 return 0; 556} 557