asia revision 273439
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 9# 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 29# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 30# 31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33# 34# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 35# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 36# Corrections are welcome! 37# std dst 38# LMT Local Mean Time 39# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 40# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 41# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 42# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 43# 4:00 GST Gulf* 44# 5:30 IST India 45# 7:00 ICT Indochina* 46# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 47# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 48# 8:00 CST China 49# 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 50# 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 51# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 52# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 53# 9:00 KST KDT Korea 54# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 55# 56# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 57 58# From Guy Harris: 59# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 60# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 61# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 62# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 63 64############################################################################### 65 66# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 67# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 68Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 69Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 70Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 71Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 72Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 73Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 74Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 75Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 76Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 77Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 78Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 79Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 80Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 81Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83 84# Afghanistan 85# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 86Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 87 4:00 - AFT 1945 88 4:30 - AFT 89 90# Armenia 91# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 92# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 93# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 94# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 95# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 96# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 97# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 98# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 99# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 100 101# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 102# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 103# follow Russia's "old" rules. 104 105# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 106# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 107# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 108# 109# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 110# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 111# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 112# or 113# (brief) 114# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 115# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 116Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 117 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 118 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 119 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 120 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 121 4:00 - AMT 1997 122 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 123 4:00 - AMT 124 125# Azerbaijan 126# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 127# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 128# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 130Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 131Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 132# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 133Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 134 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 135 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 136 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 137 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 138 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time 139 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 140 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 141 142# Bahrain 143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah 145 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 146 3:00 - AST 147 148# Bangladesh 149# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 150# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 151# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 152# 153# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 154# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 155# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 156# 157# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 158# June 159# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 160# crippling power crisis. " 161# 162# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 163# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 164 165# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 166# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 167# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 168# 169# Some sources: 170# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 171# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 172# 173# Our wrap-up: 174# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 175 176# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 177# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 178# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 179# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 180# 181# No DST end date has been announced yet. 182 183# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 184# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 185# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 186# 187# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 188# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 189# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 190# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 191 192# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 193# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 194# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 195# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 196# "continue for an indefinite period." 197# 198# One of many places where it is published: 199# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 200 201# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 202# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 203# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 204# 205# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 206# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 207# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 208# 209# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 210# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 211# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 212# Minister's Office last night..." 213 214# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 215# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 216# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 217# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 218# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 219 220# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 221Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 222Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - 223 224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 225Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 226 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 227 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 228 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 229 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 230 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 231 6:00 - BDT 2009 232 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 233 234# Bhutan 235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 236Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 237 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 238 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 239 240# British Indian Ocean Territory 241# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 242# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 243# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 244# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 245# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 247Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 248 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 249 6:00 - IOT 250 251# Brunei 252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 254 7:30 - BNT 1933 255 8:00 - BNT 256 257# Burma / Myanmar 258 259# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 260 261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 263 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 264 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 265 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 266 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 267 268# Cambodia 269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 270Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 271 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 272 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 273 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 274 7:00 - ICT 275 276# China 277 278# From Guy Harris: 279# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 280 281# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 282# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 283# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 284# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 285# has two of 'em - Peking's and ��r��mqi (named after the capital of 286# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 287# 288# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 289# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 290# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 291# 292# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 293# 1987 mid-April - ?? 294 295# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 296# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 297# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 298 299# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 300# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 301# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 302# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 303 304# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 305# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 306# this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 307# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 308# go with them for DST rules as follows: 309# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 310Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 311Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 312Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 313Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 314Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 315Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 316 317# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 318# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 319# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 320# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 321# 322# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 323# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 324# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 325# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 326# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 327# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 328# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 329# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 330# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 331# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 332 333# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 334# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 335# 336# (1) 337# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 338# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 339# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 340# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, ������������������), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 341# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 342# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 343# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 344# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 345# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 346# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 347# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 348# could well have ignored any such mandate. 349# 350# (2) 351# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 352# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 353# [undated and unknown publication location] 354# It says several things: 355# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 356# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 357# the official calendar book of 1914. 358# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 359# French docks in the 1890s, controled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 360# Obervatory and set to local mean time. 361# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 362# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 363# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 364# became used by railways as well. 365# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 366# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 367# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 368# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 369# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 370# Japanese-occupied territory. 371# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 372# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 373# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 374# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 375# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 376# 377# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 378# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 379# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 380# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 381# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 382# 383# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 384# this was based on what was apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 385# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 386# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 387# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 388# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 389# 390# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 391# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 392# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 393# 394# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 395# Asia/Shanghai 396# most of China 397# This currently represents most other zones as well, 398# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 399# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 400# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 401# 402# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 403# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 404# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 405# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 406# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 407# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 408# 409# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 410# Asia/Urumqi 411# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 412# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 413# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 414# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 415# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 416# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 417# east Xinjiang, including ��r��mqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 418# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 419# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 420# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 421# 422# Kunlun Time UT+5.5 423# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 424# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 425# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 426# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 427# and Yarkand. 428 429# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 430# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 431# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 432# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 433# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 434# they implicitly use Beijing time. 435# 436# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 437# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 438# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 439# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 440# local governments such as the ��r��mqi city government use both times in 441# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 442# "��r��mqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 443# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 444# 445# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 446# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 447# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 448# 449# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 450# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 451# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 452# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 453# others moving their clocks ahead.) 454 455# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 456# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 457# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 458# 459# 1. Wulumuqi... 460# 2. Kashi... 461# 3. Urumqi... 462# 4. Kashgar... 463# ... 464# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in ��r��mqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 465# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 466# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 467# 468# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 469# start date for Xinjiang time. 470# 471# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 472# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 473# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 474# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 475 476# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 477# Just a confirmation that ��r��mqi time was implemented in ��r��mqi on 1 Feb 1986: 478# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 479 480# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 481# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 482# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 483# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 484# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 485# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 486# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka ��r��mqi Time or local time; 487# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 488# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 489# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 490# problem is that computers and smart phones list ��r��mqi (or Kashgar) as 491# having the same time as Beijing. 492 493# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 494# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 495# this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Kh��tsun, 496# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 497# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 498# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 499# 500# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 501# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 502# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 503# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 504# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dyansty, 505# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 506# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 507# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 508# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 509# XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 510# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 511# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 512# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 513# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 514# UT+8 mandate back then. 515 516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 518Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 519 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 520 8:00 PRC C%sT 521# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by ��r��mqi / ��r��mchi 522# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 523Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 524 6:00 - XJT 525 526 527# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 528 529# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 530 531# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 532# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 533# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 534# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 535# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 536# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 537# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 538# obtained from 539# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 540 541# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 542# Here are the dates given at 543# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 544# as of 2009-10-28: 545# Year Period 546# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 547# 1942 Whole year 548# 1943 Whole year 549# 1944 Whole year 550# 1945 Whole year 551# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 552# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 553# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 554# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 555# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 556# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 557# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 558# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 559# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 560# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 561# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 562# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 563# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 564# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 565# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 566# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 567# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 568# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 569# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 570# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 571# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 572# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 573# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 574# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 575# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 576# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 577# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 578# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 579# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 580# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 581# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 582# 1977 Nil 583# 1978 Nil 584# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 585# 1980 to Now Nil 586# The page does not give start or end times of day. 587# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 588# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 589# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 590# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 591# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 592 593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 594Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 595Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 596Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 597Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 598Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 599Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 600Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 601Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 602Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 603Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 604Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 605Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 606Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 607Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 608Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 609Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 610Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 611Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 612Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 613# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 614Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 615 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 616 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 617 8:00 HK HK%sT 618 619############################################################################### 620 621# Taiwan 622 623# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 624# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 625# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 626# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 627 628# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 629# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 630# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 631# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 632# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 633# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 634# found on Wikisource: 635# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 636# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 637# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 638# declared officially. 639# 640# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 641# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 642# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 643# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 644# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 645# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 646# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 647# be found on Wikisource: 648# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 649# 650# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 651 652# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 653# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 654# back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 655# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 656# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 657# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 658# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 659# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 660# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 661# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 662# that: 663# 664# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 665# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 666# 667# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 668# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 669# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 670# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 671# 672# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 673# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 674# Time. 675# 676# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 677# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 678# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 679# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 680# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 681# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 682 683# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 684# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 685# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 686# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 687# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 688# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 689# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 690# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 691# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 692# would be a good one. 693# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 694# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 695 696# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 697# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 698# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 699# 700# Original Bulletin: 701# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF> 702# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0> (cont.) 703# 704# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 705# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 706# 707# <http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431> 708# 709# Here is a brief translation: 710# 711# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 712# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 713# adption till Oct 31 midnight. 714# 715# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 716# be found from historical government announcement database. 717 718# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 719# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 720# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 721# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 722 723# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 724Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 725Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 726Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 727Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 728Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 729Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 730Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 731Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 732Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 733Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 734Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 735Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 736Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 737Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 738Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 739 740# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 741# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 742Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 743 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 744 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 01:00 745 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 746 747# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 748# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 749Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 750Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 751Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 752Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 753Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 754Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 755Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 756Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 757Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 758Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 759Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 760Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 761Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 762Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 765 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 766 8:00 PRC C%sT 767 768 769############################################################################### 770 771# Cyprus 772# 773# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 774# 775# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 776Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 777Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 778Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 779Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 780Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 781Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 782Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 783Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 784Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 785# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 786Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 787 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 788 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 789# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 790 791# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 792# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 793Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 794 795# Georgia 796# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 797# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 798# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 799# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 800# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 801# 802# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 803# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 804# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 805# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 806# 807# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 808# 809# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 810# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 811# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 812# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 813# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 814# of integration into Europe. 815 816# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 817# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 818# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 819# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 820# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 821# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 822# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 823# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 824# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 825 826# Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.) 827 828# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 829Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:06 - LMT 1880 830 2:59:06 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 831 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 832 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 833 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 834 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 835 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 836 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 837 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 838 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 839 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 840 4:00 - GET 841 842# East Timor 843 844# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 845 846# From Jo��o Carrascal��o, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 847# East Timor may be late for its millennium 848# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 849# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 850# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 851# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 852# conflicts with their way of life. 853 854# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 855# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 856# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 857 858# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 859# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 860# (2000-08-16): 861# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 862# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 863# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 864# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 865 866# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 867Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 868 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 869 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 870 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 871 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 00:00 872 9:00 - TLT 873 874# India 875# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 876Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 877 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 878 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 879 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 880 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 881 5:30 - IST 882# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 883# Andaman Is 884# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 885# Nicobar Is 886 887# Indonesia 888# 889# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 890# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> 891# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 892# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 893# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 894# 895# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 896# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 897# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 898# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 899# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 900# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 901# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 902# R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (��ditions 903# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 904# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 905# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 906# switched on 1945-09-23. 907# 908# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 909# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 910# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 911# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 912# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 913# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 914# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 915# The abbreviations are: 916# 917# WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 918# WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 919# WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 920# 921# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 922# Java, Sumatra 923Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 924# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 925# but this must be a typo. 926 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 927 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 928 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 929 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 930 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 931 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 932 7:30 - WIB 1964 933 7:00 - WIB 934# west and central Borneo 935Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 936 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 937 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 938 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 939 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 940 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 941 7:30 - WIB 1964 942 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 943 7:00 - WIB 944# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 945Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 946 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 947 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 948 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 949 8:00 - WITA 950# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 951Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 952 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 953 9:30 - ACST 1964 954 9:00 - WIT 955 956# Iran 957 958# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 959# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 960# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 961# 962# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 963# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 964# 965# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 966# 967# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 968# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 969# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 970# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 971# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 972# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 973# 974# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 975# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 976# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 977# Shahrivar. 978# 979# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 980# 981# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 982# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 983# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 984# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 985# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 986# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 987# 988# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 989# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 990# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 991# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 992# plan to change that law.... 993# 994# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 995# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 996# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 997# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 998# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 999# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1000# 1001# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1002# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1003# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1004# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1005# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1006# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1007# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1008# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1009# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1010# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1011# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1012# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1013# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1014# 1015# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1016# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1017# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1018# 1019# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper N��rgaard Welen: 1020# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1021# daylight saving time ... 1022# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1023# 1024# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1025# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1026# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1027# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1028# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1029# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1030# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1031# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1032# 1033# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1034Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1035Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1036Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1037Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1038Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1039Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1040Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1041Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1042Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1043Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1044Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1045Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1046Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1047Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1048Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1049Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1050Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1051Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1052Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1053Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1054Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1055Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1056Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1057Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1058Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1059Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1060Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1061Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1062Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1063Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1064Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1065Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1066Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1067Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1068Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1069Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1070Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1071Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1072Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1073Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1074Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1075Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1076Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1077Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1078Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1079Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1080Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1081Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1082Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1083# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1084Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1085 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1086 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1087 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1088 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1089 1090 1091# Iraq 1092# 1093# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1094# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1095# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1096# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1097# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1098# 1099# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1100# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1101# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1102# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1103# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1104# 1105# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1106 1107# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1108# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1109# news sources (in Arabic): 1110# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1111# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1112# 1113# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1114# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1115 1116# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1117Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1118Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1119Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1120Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1121Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1122Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1123# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1124# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1125# 1126Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1127Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1129Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1130 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1131 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1132 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1133 1134 1135############################################################################### 1136 1137# Israel 1138 1139# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1140# 1141# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1142# different abbreviations in use: 1143# 1144# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1145# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1146# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1147# 1148# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1149# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1150# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1151# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1152# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1153# settings in Israeli computers. 1154# 1155# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1156# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1157# family is from India). 1158 1159# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1160# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1161Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1162Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1163Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1164Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1165Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1166Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1167Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1168Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1169Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1170Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1171Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1172Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1173Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1174Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1175Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1176Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1177Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1178Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1179Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1180Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1181Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1182Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1183Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1184Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1185Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1186Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1187Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1188Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1189Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1190Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1191Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1192Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1193Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1194Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1195Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1196Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1197Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1198Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1199 1200# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1201# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1202# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1203# ends and changes to Sunday. 1204Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1205Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1206 1207# From Ephraim Silverberg 1208# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1209# and 2005-02-17): 1210 1211# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1212# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1213# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1214# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1215# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1216# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1217# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1218# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1219# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1220# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1221# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1222# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1223# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1224# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1225# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1226# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1227# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1228# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1229# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1230# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1231# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1232# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1233 1234# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1235Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1236Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1237Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1238Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1239Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1240Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1241Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1242Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1243Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1244Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1245 1246# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1247# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1248# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1249 1250# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1251Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1252Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1253Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1254Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1255 1256# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1257# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1258# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1259# 1260# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1261# 1262# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1263# 1264# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1265# 1266# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1267# 1268# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1269 1270# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1271Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1272Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1273Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1274Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1275Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1276Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1277Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1278Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1279 1280# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1281# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1282# years 2001-2004 as well. 1283# 1284# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1285# 1286# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1287# 1288# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1289# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1290# 1291# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1292 1293# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1294Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1295Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1296Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1297Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1298Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1299Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1300Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1301Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1302Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1303Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1304 1305# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1306# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1307# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1308# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1309# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1310# 1311# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1312# 1313# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1314 1315# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1316# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1317# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1318# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1319# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1320# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1321# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1322# 1323# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1324# 1325# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1326# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1327# springtime transitions explicitly. 1328 1329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1330Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1331Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1332Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1333Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1334Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1335Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1336Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1337Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1338Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1339Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1340Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1341Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1342 1343# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1344# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1345# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1346# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1347# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1348# 1349# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1350# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1351 1352# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1353Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1354Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1355 1356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1357Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1358 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1359 2:00 Zion I%sT 1360 1361 1362 1363############################################################################### 1364 1365# Japan 1366 1367# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1368 1369# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1370# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1371# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1372# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1373 1374# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times 1375# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: 1376# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1377# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1378# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1379# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1380# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1381# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1382# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1383# wanted to keep it.) 1384 1385# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1386# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1387# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1388Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1389Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1390Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1391Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1392# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1393# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1394# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1395# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1396 1397# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1398# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1399# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1400# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1401# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1402# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1403# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1404 1405# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1406# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1407# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1408# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1409# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1410# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1411# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1412# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1413# standard.... 1414# 1415# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1416# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1417 1418# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1419# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1420# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1421# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/������������������������_(���������) 1422# 1423# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1424# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1425# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1426# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1427 1428# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1429Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1430 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1431 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1432 9:00 Japan J%sT 1433# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1434 1435# Jordan 1436# 1437# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1438# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1439# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1440# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1441# all year round. 1442# 1443# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1444# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1445# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1446# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1447# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1448# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1449# 1450# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1451# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1452# 1453# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1454# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1455# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1456# 1457# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1458# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1459# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1460# 1461 1462# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1463# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1464# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1465# 1466# Google's translation: 1467# 1468# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1469# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1470# > of the month of March of each year. 1471# 1472# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1473 1474# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1475# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1476 1477# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1478# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1479# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1480# until about the same time next year (at least). 1481# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1482 1483# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1484# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1485# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1486# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1487# Official, in Arabic: 1488# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1489# ... Our background/permalink about it 1490# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1491# ... 1492# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1493# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1494# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1495 1496# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1497# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1498 1499# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1500Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1501Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1502Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1503Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1504Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1505Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1506Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1507Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1508Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1509Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1510Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1511Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1512Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1513Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1514Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1515Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1516Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1517Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1518Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1519Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1520Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1521Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1522Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1523Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1524Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1525Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1526Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1527Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1528Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1529Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1530Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1531# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1532Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1533 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1534 1535 1536# Kazakhstan 1537 1538# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1539# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1540# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1541# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1542# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1543# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1544 1545# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1546# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1547# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1548# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1549# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1550# 1551# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1552# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1553# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1554 1555# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 1556# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1557# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1558# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1559# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1560# 1561# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1562# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1563# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1564# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1565# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1566# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1567# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1568# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1569# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1570 1571# 1572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1573# 1574# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1575Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1576 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1577 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1578 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1579 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1580 6:00 - ALMT 1581# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1582Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1583 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1584 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1585 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1586 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1587 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1588 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1589 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1590 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1591 6:00 - QYZT 1592# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) 1593Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1594 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1595 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1596 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1597 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1598 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1599 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1600 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1601 5:00 - AQTT 1602# Mangghystau 1603# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1604# so include time stamps before 1963. 1605Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1606 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1607 5:00 - FORT 1963 1608 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1609 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1610 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1611 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1612 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1613 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1614 5:00 - AQTT 1615# West Kazakhstan 1616Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1617 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1618 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1619 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1620 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1621 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1622 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1623 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1624 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1625 5:00 - ORAT 1626 1627# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1628# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1629 1630# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1631# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1632# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> 1633# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1634# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1635# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1636# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1637# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1638 1639# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1640Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1641Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1642Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1643Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1645Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1646 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1647 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1648 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1649 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1650 6:00 - KGT 1651 1652############################################################################### 1653 1654# Korea (North and South) 1655 1656# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in 1657# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: 1658# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1659# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1660# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1661# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1662 1663# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1665Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1666Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1667Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1668Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1669 1670# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01): 1671# The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I 1672# guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1673# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1674# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1675 1676# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1677Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1678 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1679 9:00 - JCST 1928 1680 8:30 - KST 1932 1681 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1682 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1683 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1684 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1685 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1686 9:00 ROK K%sT 1687Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1688 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1689 9:00 - JCST 1928 1690 8:30 - KST 1932 1691 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1692 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1693 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1694 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1695 9:00 - KST 1696 1697############################################################################### 1698 1699# Kuwait 1700# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1701Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1702 3:00 - AST 1703 1704# Laos 1705# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1706Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1707 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1708 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1709 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1710 7:00 - ICT 1711 1712# Lebanon 1713# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1714Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1715Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1716Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1717Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1718Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1719Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1720Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1721Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1722Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1723Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1724Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1725Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1726Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1727Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1728Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1729Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1730Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1731Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1732Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1733Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1734Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1735Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1736Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1737Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1738# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1739Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1740 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1741 1742# Malaysia 1743# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1744Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1745Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1746# 1747# peninsular Malaysia 1748# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1749# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 1750# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1751Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1752 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1753 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1754 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1755 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1756 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1757 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1758 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1759 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1760# Sabah & Sarawak 1761# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1762# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 1763# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1764# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1765Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1766 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1767 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1768 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1769 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1770 8:00 - MYT 1771 1772# Maldives 1773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1774Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1775 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1776 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1777 1778# Mongolia 1779 1780# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1781# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1782# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 1783 1784# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1785# General Information Mongolia 1786# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 1787# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1788# Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1789# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1790# eight hours." 1791 1792# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1793# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1794# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1795# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1796# of implementation may have been different.... 1797# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1798# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1799# S��khbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 1800 1801# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1802# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1803# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1804# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1805# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1806# is good enough for our purposes. 1807 1808# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1809# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1810# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1811# there are three time zones. 1812# 1813# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-��lgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1814# Provinces [at 8:00]: Kh��vsg��l, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, T��v, 1815# Bayankhongor, ��v��rkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, ��mn��govi 1816# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, S��khbaatar 1817# 1818# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1819 1820# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1821# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1822# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1823# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1824# 1825# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1826# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1827# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1828 1829# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1830# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1831# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1832# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1833# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nyk��nen (2005-05-16) reports that 1834# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1835# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1836# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1837# He also found 1838# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> 1839# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1840# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1841# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1842# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but S��khbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1843# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1844# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1845# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1846 1847# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1848# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1849# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1850# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1851 1852# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1853# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1854# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1855# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1856# database on this, e.g.: 1857# 1858# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1859# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1860# 1861# both say GMT+08:00. 1862 1863# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1864# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1865# schedule here: 1866# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1867# (click the English flag for English) 1868# 1869# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1870# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1871# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1872# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1873# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1874# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1875 1876# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1877# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1878# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1879# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1880# this is almost surely wrong. 1881 1882# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1883Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1884Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1885# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1886# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1887# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1888# 1889# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1890# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and S��khbaatar) took place 1891# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1892# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1893# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1894# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1895 1896Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1897Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1898# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1899Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1900Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1901Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1902 1903# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1904# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1905Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1906 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1907 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1908# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1909Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1910 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1911 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1912# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1913# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1914Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1915 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1916 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1917 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1918 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1919 1920# Nepal 1921# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1922Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1923 5:30 - IST 1986 1924 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1925 1926# Oman 1927 1928# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1929 1930# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1931Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 1932 4:00 - GST 1933 1934# Pakistan 1935 1936# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1937# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1938# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1939# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1940# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1941# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1942 1943# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1944# Jesper N��rgaard found this URL: 1945# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1946# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1947# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1948# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1949# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1950# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1951# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1952# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1953# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1954 1955# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1956# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1957# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1958 1959# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1960# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1961# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1962# 1963# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1964# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1965# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1966# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1967# 1968# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 1969# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 1970 1971# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 1972# 1973# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 1974# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 1975# 1976# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help 1977# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and 1978# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. 1979# ...." 1980# 1981# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 1982# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 1983 1984# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1985# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 1986 1987# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 1988# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 1989# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 1990# instead of August 31. 1991# 1992# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 1993# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 1994 1995# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 1996# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 1997# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 1998# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 1999# official working." 2000# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2001# 2002# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2003# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2004# 2005# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2006# April 08, 2009 2007# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2008# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2009# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2010# 2011# .... 2012# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2013# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2014# conserve energy" 2015 2016# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2017# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2018# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2019# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2020# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2021# this regard." 2022# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2023 2024# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2025# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2026# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 2027# 1, 2009. 2028# 2029# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2030# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2031# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2032 2033# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2034# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: 2035# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2036# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October 2037# > 1, 2009. 2038# 2039# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2040# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2041# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2042# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2043# Monday." 2044# 2045# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2046# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2047# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2048# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2049# 2050# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2051# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2052# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2053 2054# From Christoph G��hre (2009-10-01): 2055# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2056# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2057 2058# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2059# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2060# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2061# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2062# > 2063# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2064# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2065# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2066# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2067# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2068# 2069# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2070# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2071# 2072# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2073# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2074 2075# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2076Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2077Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2078Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2079Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2080Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2081Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2082 2083# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2084Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2085 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2086 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2087 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2088 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2089 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2090 2091# Palestine 2092 2093# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2094# 2095# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2096# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2097# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2098# 2099# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2100# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2101# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2102# though. 2103# 2104# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2105# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2106# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2107# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2108# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2109# East Jerusalem. 2110# 2111# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2112# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2113# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2114# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2115# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2116# 2117# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2118# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2119# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2120# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2121# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2122# Jordanian one). 2123# 2124# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2125# 2126# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2127# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2128# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2129# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2130# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2131# 2132# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2133# have one). 2134 2135# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2136# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2137# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2138# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2139# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2140# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2141# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2142# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2143# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2144# to Palestine's rules. 2145 2146# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2147# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2148# 2149# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2150# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2151# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2152# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2153 2154# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2155# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2156# <http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html> 2157# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2158# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2159# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2160# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2161# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2162 2163# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2164# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2165 2166# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2167# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2168# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2169# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2170# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2171 2172# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2173# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2174# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2175# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2176# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2177# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2178# the West Bank. 2179 2180# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2181# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2182# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2183# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2184# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2185# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2186# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2187# because of the Ramadan. 2188 2189# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2190# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2191# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2192 2193# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2194# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2195# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2196# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2197# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2198# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2199 2200# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2201# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2202# 2203# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2204# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2205# 2206# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2207# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2208# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2209 2210# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2211# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2212# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2213# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2214# 2215# (in Arabic) 2216# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2217# 2218# (English translation) 2219# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2220 2221# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2222# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2223# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2224# 2225# One news source: 2226# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2227# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2228# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2229# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2230# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2231# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2232# 2233# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2234# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2235# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2236 2237# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2238# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2239# 2240# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2241# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2242# 2243# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2244# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2245# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2246# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2247 2248# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2249# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2250# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2251# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2252# 2253# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2254# (in Arabic) 2255# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2256 2257# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2258# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2259# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2260# noon though: 2261# 2262# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2263# (Ma'an News Agency) 2264# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2265# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2266 2267# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2268# According to several sources, including 2269# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2270# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2271# Gaza and the West Bank. 2272# Some more background info: 2273# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2274 2275# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2276# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2277# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2278# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2279# Ramadan. 2280# 2281# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2282# Additional info: 2283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2284 2285# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2286# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2287# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2288# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2289# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2290# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2291# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2292# ... 2293# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2294# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2295# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2296 2297# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2298# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2299# 00:00). 2300# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2301# 2302# Many sources, including: 2303# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2304 2305# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2306# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2307# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2308# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2309# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2310# 2311# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2312# 2313# Our brief summary: 2314# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2315 2316# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2317# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2318# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2319# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2320# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2321# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2322 2323# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2324# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2325# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2326# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2327# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2328# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2329# official source...: 2330# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2331 2332# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24): 2333# For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through 2334# the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2335# the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs, 2336# which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively: 2337# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702 2338# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364 2339 2340# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2341Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2342Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2343Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2344Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2345Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2346Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2347 2348Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2349Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2350Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2351Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2352Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2353Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2354Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2355Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2356Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2357Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2358Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2359Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2360Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2361Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2362Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2363Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2364Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2365Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2366Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2367 2368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2369Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2370 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2371 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2372 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2373 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2374 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2375 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2376 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2377 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2378 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2379 2:00 - EET 2012 2380 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2381 2382Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2383 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2384 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2385 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2386 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2387 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2388 2389# Paracel Is 2390# no information 2391 2392# Philippines 2393# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claver��a, governor-general of the 2394# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2395# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2396# History of the International Date Line 2397# <http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm>. 2398# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2399 2400# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2401# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of 2402# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the 2403# rainy season begins. See 2404# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. 2405# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. 2406# 2407# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2408# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2409# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2410# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2411# but no details] 2412 2413# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2414Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2415Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2416Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2417Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2418Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2419Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2421Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2422 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2423 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2424 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2425 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2426 2427# Qatar 2428# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2429Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2430 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2431 3:00 - AST 2432 2433# Saudi Arabia 2434# 2435# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2436# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2437# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2438# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2439# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2440# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2441# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2442# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2443# 2444# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2445# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2446# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2447# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2448# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2449# earlier date. 2450# 2451# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2452# time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2453# the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2454# 2455# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2456Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2457 3:00 - AST 2458 2459# Singapore 2460# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2461# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. 2462# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2463Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2464 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2465 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2466 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2467 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2468 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2469 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2470 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2471 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2472 8:00 - SGT 2473 2474# Spratly Is 2475# no information 2476 2477# Sri Lanka 2478 2479# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2480# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2481# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2482# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2483# Shanks and Pottenger. 2484 2485# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2486# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2487# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2488# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2489# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2490# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2491# 2492# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2493# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2494# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2495# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2496# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2497 2498# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2499# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2500# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2501# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2502 2503# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2504# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> 2505# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2506# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2507# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2508# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2509# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2510# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2511 2512# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2513# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2514# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2515# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2516# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2517# 2518# I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2519# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2520# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2521# 2522# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2523# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2524# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2525# item.... 2526# 2527# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2528# administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2529# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2530# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2531# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2532# 2533# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2534# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2535# all computers. 2536 2537# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2538# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2539# and then see what people actually say in practice. 2540 2541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2542Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2543 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2544 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2545 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2546 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2547 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2548 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2549 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2550 5:30 - IST 2551 2552# Syria 2553# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2554Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2555Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2556Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2557Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2558Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2559Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2560Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2561Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2562Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2563Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2564Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2565Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2566Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2567Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2568Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2569Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2570Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2571Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2572Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2573Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2574Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2575Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2576Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2577Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2578Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2579Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2580Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2581Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2582# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2583# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2584# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2585# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2586# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2587# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2588Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2589Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2590Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2591Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2592# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2593# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2594# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2595Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2596# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2597# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2598# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2599Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2600# From Jesper N��rgaard (2007-10-27): 2601# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2602# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2603# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2604# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2605# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2606# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2607# 2608# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2609# Jesper N��rgaard Welen wrote: 2610# 2611# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2612# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2613# 2614# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2615# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2616# 2617# which using Google's translate tools says: 2618# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2619# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2620# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2621Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2622 2623# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2624# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2625# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA 2626# are now using: 2627# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2628# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2629# Variation 2630# Syrian Arab 2631# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2632# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2633# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2634 2635# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2636# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2637# Agency (SANA)... 2638# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2639# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2640# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2641# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2642# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2643# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2644 2645# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2646# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2647# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2648# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2649# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2650 2651# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2652# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2653# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2654# 2655# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2656# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2657# clocks back 60 minutes). 2658# 2659# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2660 2661# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2662# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2663# two examples: 2664# 2665# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2666# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2667# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2668# (Arabic, gov-site) 2669# 2670# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2671# 2672# Our summary 2673# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2674 2675# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2676# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2677# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2678# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2679# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2680 2681# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2682# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2683# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2684# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2685 2686# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2687# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2688# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2689# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2690# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2691 2692# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2693# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2694# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2695# 2696# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2697# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2698# 2699# Our brief summary: 2700# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2701 2702# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2703# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2704 2705Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2706Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2707Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2708Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2709Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2710Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2711 2712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2713Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2714 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2715 2716# Tajikistan 2717# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2718# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2719Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2720 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2721 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2722 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2723 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2724 2725# Thailand 2726# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2727Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2728 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2729 7:00 - ICT 2730 2731# Turkmenistan 2732# From Shanks & Pottenger. 2733# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2734Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2735 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2736 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2737 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2738 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2739 5:00 - TMT 2740 2741# United Arab Emirates 2742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2743Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2744 4:00 - GST 2745 2746# Uzbekistan 2747# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2748Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2749 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2750 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2751 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2752 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2753 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2754 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2755 5:00 - UZT 2756# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2757Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2758 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2759 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2760 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2761 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2762 5:00 - UZT 2763 2764# Vietnam 2765 2766# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2767# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2768# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2769# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2770# and Pottenger. 2771 2772# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2773# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2774# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2775 2776# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2777# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2778Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2779 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2780 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2781 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2782 7:00 - ICT 2783 2784# Yemen 2785 2786# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2787# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2788 2789# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2790Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 2791 3:00 - AST 2792