UPDATING revision 271669
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17older version of current is a bit fragile.
18
1920140916:	p9	FreeBSD-SA-14:19.tcp
20	Fix Denial of Service in TCP packet processing. [SA-14:19]
21
2220140909:	p8	FreeBSD-SA-14:18.openssl
23	Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:18]
24
2520140708:	p7	FreeBSD-SA-14:17.kmem
26	Fix kernel memory disclosure in control messages and SCTP
27	notifications. [SA-14:17]
28
2920140624:	p6	FreeBSD-SA-14:15.iconv
30			FreeBSD-SA-14:16.file
31			FreeBSD-EN-14:07.pmap
32
33	Fix iconv(3) NULL pointer dereference and out-of-bounds array
34	access. [SA-14:15]
35
36	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in file(1) and libmagic(3).
37	[SA-14:16]
38
39	Worked around bug with PCID implementation. [EN-14:07]
40
4120140605:	p5	FreeBSD-SA-14:14.openssl
42	Fix OpenSSL multiple vulnerabilities. [SA-14:14]
43
4420140603:	p4	FreeBSD-SA-14:11.sendmail
45			FreeBSD-SA-14:13.pam
46			FreeBSD-EN-14:06.exec
47
48	Fix sendmail improper close-on-exec flag handling. [SA-14:11]
49
50	Fix incorrect error handling in PAM policy parser. [SA-14:13]
51
52	Fix triple-fault when executing from a threaded process.
53	[EN-14:06]
54
5520140513:	p3	FreeBSD-SA-14:10.openssl
56			FreeBSD-EN-14:05.ciss
57
58	Fix OpenSSL NULL pointer deference vulnerability. [SA-14:10]
59
60	Fix data corruption with ciss(4). [EN-14:05]
61
6220140430:	p2	FreeBSD-SA-14:07.devfs
63			FreeBSD-SA-14:08.tcp
64			FreeBSD-SA-14:09.openssl
65
66	Fix devfs rules not applied by default for jails. [SA-14:07]
67
68	Fix TCP reassembly vulnerability. [SA-14:08]
69
70	Fix OpenSSL use-after-free vulnerability. [SA-14:09]
71
7220140408:	p1	FreeBSD-SA-14:05.nfsserver
73			FreeBSD-SA-14:06.openssl
74	Fix deadlock in the NFS server. [SA-14:05]
75
76	Fix multiple vulnerabilities in OpenSSL. [SA-14:06]
77
7820131223:
79	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
80	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
81	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
82	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
83	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
84	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
85	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
86	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
87
8820131031:
89	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
90	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
91	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
92	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
93	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
94
9520131014:
96	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
97	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
98	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
99	delete-old-libs":
100	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
101	  or
102	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
103
10420131010:
105	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
106	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
107	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
108	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
109	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
110	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
111
112	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
113	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
114	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
115	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
116	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
117	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
118
119	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
120	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
121	with an integer.
122
12320130930:
124	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
125	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
126	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
127	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
128
129	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
130	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
131	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
132	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
133
13420130916:
135	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
136	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
137	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
138
13920130911:
140	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
141	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
142	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
143	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
144
14520130906:
146	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
147	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
148	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
149	options in src.conf.  
150
15120130905:
152	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
153	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
154	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
155	'options PROCDESC'.
156
15720130905:
158	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
159	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
160	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
161	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
162	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
163	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
164
16520130903:
166	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
167	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
168	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
169
17020130821:
171	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
172	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
173	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
174
17520130813:
176	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
177	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
178	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
179	compatability.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
180	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
181	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
182
18320130806:
184	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
185	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
186	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
187	explicitly.
188	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
189	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
190	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
191	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
192	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
193
19420130806:
195	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
196	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
197	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
198	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
199	to r253970 or later.
200
20120130802:
202	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
203	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
204	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
205	would result:
206
207	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
208
209	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
210	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
211	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
212	old as well as the new version of find.
213
21420130726:
215	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
216	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
217	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
218	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
219	subdirectories must be reviewed.
220
22120130716:
222	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
223	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
224	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
225
226	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
227
228	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
229	users are advised to upgrade.
230
23120130709:
232	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
233	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
234
23520130709:
236	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
237	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
238	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
239
24020130629:
241	Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
242	so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
243
244	NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
245	it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
246	overloading the machine.
247
24820130618:
249	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
250	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
251	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
252	write access to that file.
253
25420130615:
255	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
256	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
257
25820130613:
259	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
260
261		make: illegal option -- J
262		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
263			...
264		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
265
266	this likely due to an old instance of make in
267	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
268	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
269	you see the above error:
270
271		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
272
273	should resolve it.
274
27520130516:
276	Use bmake by default.
277	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
278	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
279	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
280
281	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
282	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
283	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
284	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
285	behavior in parallel build.
286
28720130429:
288        Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
289
29020130426:
291	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
292	the IDEA patent expired.
293
29420130426:
295	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
296	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
297	enabled by default.
298
29920130425:
300	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
301	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
302	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
303	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
304	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
305	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
306	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
307	&& make install).
308
30920130404:
310	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
311	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
312	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
313	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
314	and removed.
315
31620130319:
317	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
318	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
319	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
320	binaries will not work on older kernels.
321
32220130308:
323	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
324	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
325
32620130304:
327	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
328	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
329	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
330	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
331	is requested.
332
333	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
334	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
335	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
336	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
337	in /boot/loader.conf.
338
33920130301:
340	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
341	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
342	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
343	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
344	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
345
34620130208:
347	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
348	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
349
350	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
351	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
352
35320130129:
354	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
355	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
356	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
357	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
358	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
359
36020130121:
361	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
362	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
363	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
364	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
365	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
366	/etc/src.conf.
367
36820130118:
369	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
370	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
371	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
372	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
373	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
374	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
375	use is expected to be extremely rare.
376
37720121223:
378	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
379	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
380	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
381
38220121222:
383	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
384	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
385	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
386	be updated.
387
38820121217:
389	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
390	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
391	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
392
393		savecore_flags=""
394
39520121201:
396	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
397	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
398	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
399
40020121117:
401	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
402	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
403	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
404	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
405	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
406	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
407
40820121105:
409	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
410	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
411	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
412	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
413	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
414	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
415	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
416	branch point).
417
41820121102:
419	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
420	functionality now turned on by default.
421
42220121023:
423	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
424	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
425	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
426	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
427	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
428	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
429	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
430	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
431	of the two kernel options.
432
43320121023:
434	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
435	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
436	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
437	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
438
43920121022:
440	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
441	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
442	recompiled.
443
44420121018:
445	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
446	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
447	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
448
44920121016:
450	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
451	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
452	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
453	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
454	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
455
45620121015:
457	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
458	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
459	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
460	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
461
46220121014:
463	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
464
46520121013:
466	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
467	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
468	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
469	knob has also gone.
470
47120121006:
472	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
473	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
474	with new kernel.
475
47620121001:
477	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
478	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
479	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
480
48120120913:
482	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
483	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
484	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
485	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
486	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
487	configurations.
488
48920120908:
490	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
491	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
492
49320120828:
494	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
495	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
496	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
497	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
498	manual page.
499
50020120727:
501	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
502	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
503	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 
504
50520120712:
506	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
507	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
508	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
509
51020120712:
511	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
512	with other variables:
513	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
514	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
515
51620120628:
517	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
518	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
519	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
520	installed as "bsdsort".
521
52220120611:
523	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
524	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
525	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
526	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
527	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
528	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
529	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
530	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
531	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
532
53320120417:
534	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
535	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
536	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
537	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
538	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
539	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
540	NAMESPACE section).
541
54220120328:
543	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
544	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
545	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
546	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
547	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
548	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
549	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
550
55120120306:
552	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
553	platforms.
554
55520120229:
556	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
557	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
558	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
559	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
560	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
561	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
562
56320120211:
564	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
565	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
566	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
567	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
568	comes from 20111215.
569
57020120114:
571	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
572	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
573	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
574	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
575
576	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
577	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
578
57920120109:
580	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
581	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
582	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
583	tunable/sysctl.
584	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
585
58620111215:
587	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
588	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
589	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
590	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
591	not supported anymore.
592
593	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
594	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
595	need to be recompiled.
596
59720111122:
598	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
599	/dev/wmistat0.
600
60120111108:
602	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
603	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
604	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
605	time.
606
60720111101:
608	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
609	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
610
61120110930:
612	sysinstall has been removed
613
61420110923:
615	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
616	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
617
61820110913:
619	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
620	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
621	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
622	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
623	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
624	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
625	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
626	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
627	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
628	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
629
63020110828:
631	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
632	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
633	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
634	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
635
63620110815:
637	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
638	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
639	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
640	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
641
642	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
643	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
644	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
645
64620110628:
647	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
648	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
649	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
650	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
651
65220110608:
653	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
654		machdep.hlt_cpus
655		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
656	The following sysctl is retired:
657		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
658	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
659	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
660	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
661	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
662	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
663	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
664	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
665	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
666	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
667	a default scheduler.
668
66920110607:
670	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
671	a mask of CPUs.
672
67320110531:
674	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
675	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
676	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
677	world.
678
67920110513:
680	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
681
68220110503:
683	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
684	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
685	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
686	drivers need to be recompiled.
687
688	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
689	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
690	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
691	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
692	branches.
693
69420110430:
695	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
696	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
697
69820110427:
699	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
700	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
701	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
702	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
703	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
704	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
705	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
706	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
707	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
708	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
709	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
710	
711	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
712
713	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
714	a diskless root fs use the old client.
715
71620110424:
717	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
718	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
719	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
720	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
721	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
722	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
723	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
724	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
725	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
726	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
727	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
728	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
729
730	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
731	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
732	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
733	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
734	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
735	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
736	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
737	them are parts of the cam module.
738
739	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
740	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
741	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
742
743	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
744	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
745	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
746	    options        ATA_CAM
747	    device         ahci
748	    device         mvs
749	    device         siis
750	, and instead add back:
751	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
752	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
753	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
754	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
755	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
756
75720110423:
758	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
759	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
760	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
761	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
762	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
763	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
764
76520110418:
766	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
767	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
768	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
769
77020110331:
771	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
772	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
773	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
774	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
775	in order to use ath on everything else.
776
777	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
778	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
779
78020110314:
781	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
782	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
783	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
784
78520110218:
786	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
787	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
788	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
789	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
790	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
791	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
792
79320110218:
794	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
795	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
796	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
797	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
798	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
799	authentication).
800	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
801	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
802
80320110207:
804	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
805	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
806	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
807	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
808	The function remains undocumented.
809
81020110112:
811	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
812	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
813	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
814	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
815	systems where the define is not present can check against
816	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
817
818	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
819	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
820	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
821	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
822	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
823	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
824
82520110103:
826	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
827	the following warning:
828	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 
829	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
830	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
831	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
832	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
833	install it on your system.
834
835	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
836	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
837	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old 
838	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
839
84020101228:
841	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
842	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
843	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
844	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
845	be recompiled.
846
84720101114:
848	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
849	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
850	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
851	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
852	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
853	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
854	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
855	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
856	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
857	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
858	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
859	it, for example via:
860		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
861
862	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
863	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
864	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
865	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
866	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
867	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
868		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
869
870	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
871	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
872
87320101111:
874	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
875	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
876	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
877	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
878	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
879
88020101002:
881	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
882	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
883	migrate local entries to the new format.
884
88520100928:
886	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
887	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
888	upstream sshd.
889
89020100915:
891	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
892	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
893	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
894	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
895	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
896	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
897
89820100913:
899	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
900	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
901
902	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
903	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
904	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
905	default is "AUTO".
906
907	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
908	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
909	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
910	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
911	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
912
913	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
914	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
915	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
916
91720100913:
918	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
919	now i386 and amd64 only.
920	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
921	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
922	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
923	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
924	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
925	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
926
92720100725:
928	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
929	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
930
93120100722:
932	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
933	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
934	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
935	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
936	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
937	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
938	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
939	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
940	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
941	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
942	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
943
94420100713:
945	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
946	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
947	    machine powerpc powerpc
948
949	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
950	after this change.
951
95220100713:
953	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
954	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
955	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
956	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
957	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
958
95920100429:
960	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
961	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 
962	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
963	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
964	and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 
965 
96620100402:
967	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
968	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
969	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
970	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
971	WITH_CTF=yes").
972	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
973	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
974	to unwanted behavior.
975
97620100311:
977	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
978	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
979	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
980	be modified accordingly.
981
98220100113:
983	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
984	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
985	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
986	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
987	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
988	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
989
990	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
991	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
992	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
993	use of utmpx.
994
995	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
996	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
997	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
998	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
999	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
1000
100120100108:
1002	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
1003	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
1004	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
1005
100620091202:
1007	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1008	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1009	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1010	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
1011	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1012
1013		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1014		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1015		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1016
1017	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1018
101920091125:
1020	8.0-RELEASE.
1021
102220091113:
1023	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1024	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
1025	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1026	operation of applications on the console.
1027
1028	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1029	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1030	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1031	cons25.
1032
1033	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1034	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1035	performed by syscons(4).
1036
103720091109:
1038	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1039	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1040	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1041
1042	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1043	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1044	new structure.
1045
104620091025:
1047	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1048	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1049	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1050	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1051	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1052	iwn5150fw.
1053
105420090926:
1055	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1056	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
1057
1058	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1059	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1060	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1061
1062	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1063	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases. 
1064
1065	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1066	   they are obsolete.
1067
1068	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
1069	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1070
1071	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1072	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1073	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
1074
1075	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
1076	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1077	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1078	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 
1079	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1080	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1081	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1082	   using ifconfig(8) like:
1083
1084		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1085
1086	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1087	   IPv6-preferred.
1088
1089	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1090
1091	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1092	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
1093	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1094	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1095	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1096
109720090922:
1098	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1099	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1100
110120090912:
1102	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1103	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1104	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1105	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1106	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1107	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1108
110920090910:
1110	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1111	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1112
111320090825:
1114	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1115	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1116	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
1117	is 1000.
1118
111920090813:
1120	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
1121	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1122	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1123
112420090803:
1125	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1126	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1127
112820090719:
1129	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1130	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
1131	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1132
113320090714:
1134	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1135	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
1136	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1137
113820090713:
1139	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1140	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1141	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1142	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1143	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1144
114520090712: 
1146	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1147	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1148	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1149	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1150	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1151
115220090630:
1153	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1154	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1155	may need to be adjusted.
1156
115720090629:
1158	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1159	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1160	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1161	with routing sockets.
1162
116320090628:
1164	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1165	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1166	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1167
116820090624:
1169	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1170	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1171	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1172	800100.
1173
117420090622:
1175	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1176	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
1177	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1178
117920090619:
1180	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1181	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1182	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
1183	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1184	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
1185	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1186	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1187	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1188
1189	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1190	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1191	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1192	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1193	authentication method is used.
1194
119520090616: 
1196	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
1197	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1198	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1199	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1200	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1201
120220090613:
1203	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1204	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1205
120620090611:
1207	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
1208	be rebuilt.
1209
121020090608:
1211	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1212	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1213
121420090602:
1215	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1216	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1217
121820090601:
1219	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1220	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1221	re-compiled.
1222
122320090601:
1224	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
1225	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1226	rebuilt.
1227	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1228
122920090530:
1230	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1231	more valid.
1232
123320090530:
1234	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1235	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1236
123720090529:
1238	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
1239	rebuilt.
1240	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1241
124220090528:
1243	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1244	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1245	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1246	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1247	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1248	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1249
125020090527:
1251	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
1252	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1253
125420090523:
1255	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1256	need to be rebuilt.
1257	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1258
125920090523:
1260	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1261	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1262
126320090520:
1264	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1265	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1266
126720090520:
1268	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1269	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1270	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
1271	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1272	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1273
127420090430:
1275	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1276	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1277	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
1278	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
1279	correctly checking networking state from userland.
1280	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1281
128220090429:
1283	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1284	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1285	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1286	follows the IPv4 implementation.
1287
1288	For kernel developers:
1289
1290	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1291	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1292	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1293
1294	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1295	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1296	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1297	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1298
1299	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1300	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1301	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1302	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1303	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1304	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1305	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1306	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1307	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1308	     multicast membership on-link.
1309	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1310	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
1311	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1312
1313	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1314	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1315	  stack.
1316	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1317	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1318	  semantics.
1319
1320	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1321	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1322	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1323	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1324
1325	For application developers:
1326
1327	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1328	  stack.
1329
1330	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1331	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1332
1333	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1334	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1335	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1336	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1337
1338	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1339	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1340	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1341	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1342	  Multicast Source Filters'.
1343
1344	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1345
1346	For systems administrators:
1347
1348	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1349	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1350	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1351	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1352	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
1353
1354	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1355	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1356
1357	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1358	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1359	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1360	  recommended for optimal system performance.
1361
1362	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1363	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1364	  back forwarded datagrams.
1365
1366	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1367
136820090422:
1369	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1370	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1371
137220090419:
1373	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1374	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
1375	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1376	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1377
137820090415:
1379	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1380	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1381	state will require a world rebuild.
1382	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1383
138420090415:
1385	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1386	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1387	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1388
138920090414:
1390	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1391	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1392	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1393	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1394	load balancing.
1395	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1396
139720090408:
1398	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1399	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1400	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1401	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1402	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1403	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1404	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1405	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1406
140720090407:
1408	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1409	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1410	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1411
141220090320:
1413	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1414	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1415	introduces some changes:
1416
1417	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1418	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1419	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1420
1421	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1422	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1423	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1424	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1425
1426	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1427	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1428	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1429	the "386BSD" type).
1430
1431	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1432
143320090319:
1434	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1435	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1436	(supported by sane).
1437
143820090319:
1439	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1440	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1441	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1442	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1443	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1444
144520090315:
1446	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1447	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1448	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1449	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1450	used.
1451
145220090313:
1453	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1454	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1455	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1456	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1457
145820090313:
1459	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1460	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1461
146220090309:
1463	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1464	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1465
1466	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1467	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1468	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1469
1470	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1471	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1472	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1473	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1474	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1475	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1476	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1477	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1478
1479	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1480	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1481	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1482	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1483	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1484	to preserve the existing behaviour.
1485
1486	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1487	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1488	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1489	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1490	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1491
1492	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1493	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1494	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1495	via IGMP.
1496
1497	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1498	recompiled to reflect this.
1499	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1500
150120090309:
1502	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1503	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1504	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1505	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1506	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1507	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1508
150920090302:
1510	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1511	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1512	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1513	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1514	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1515	raised to allow such segments to be created.
1516
151720090301:
1518	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1519	network device driver modules.
1520
152120090227:
1522	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1523	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1524
152520090223:
1526	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1527	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1528	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1529	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1530	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1531	apply.
1532
153320090217:
1534	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1535	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1536	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1537	use the new name.
1538
153920090216:
1540	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1541	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1542	add
1543		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1544	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
1545	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1546
154720090215:
1548	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1549	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1550	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1551	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1552	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1553	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1554
1555	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1556	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
1557	be used for this:
1558		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1559		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
1560
156120090209:
1562	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1563	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1564	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1565
156620090203:
1567	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1568	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1569	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1570	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1571	same interface.
1572
157320090201:
1574	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1575	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1576
157720090119:
1578	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1579	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1580	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1581	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1582	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1583	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1584
158520090115:
1586	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1587	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1588	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1589	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1590
159120081225:
1592	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1593	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1594	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1595	in next mpd5.3 release.
1596
159720081219:
1598	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1599	the base system (it was a port).
1600
160120081216:
1602	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1603	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1604
160520081214:
1606	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1607	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1608	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1609	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1610	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1611	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1612	none of the L2 information.
1613
161420081130:
1615	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1616	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1617
1618	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1619
1620	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1621
1622	device	ath_hal
1623
1624	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1625	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1626	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1627	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1628
162920081121:
1630	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1631	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1632	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1633	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1634	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1635	packets.
1636
163720081117:
1638	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1639	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1640	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1641	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1642
164320081028:
1644	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1645
164620081009:
1647	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1648	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1649	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1650	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1651	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1652
1653		uhci_load="YES"
1654		ehci_load="YES"
1655
165620081009:
1657	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1658	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1659	sync.
1660
166120081009:
1662	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1663	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1664	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1665	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1666	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1667	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1668	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1669
167020080820:
1671	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1672	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1673	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1674	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1675	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1676
1677	PCI/ISA:
1678		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1679
1680	USB:
1681		ubser, ucycom
1682
1683	Line disciplines:
1684		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1685
1686	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1687	cause compilation to fail.
1688
168920080818:
1690	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1691
169220080801:
1693	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1694
1695	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1696	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1697	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1698	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1699	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1700	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1701	accepting the RSA key.
1702
1703	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1704	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1705	command line.
1706
1707	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1708	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1709	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1710	behavior.
1711
171220080713:
1713	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1714	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1715	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1716
1717	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1718	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1719	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1720	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1721	use the new device names.
1722
1723	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1724	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1725	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1726	at the loader prompt:
1727
1728		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1729		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1730		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1731		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1732		boot -s
1733
173420080609:
1735	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1736	disks instead.
1737
173820080603:
1739	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1740	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1741	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1742	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1743
174420080525:
1745	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1746	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1747
174820080509:
1749	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1750	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1751	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1752	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1753	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1754
175520080420:
1756	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1757	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1758	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1759	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1760	For example, change:
1761		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1762	to
1763		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1764		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1765	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1766	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1767	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1768
1769	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1770	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1771	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1772
177320080408:
1774	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1775	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1776	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1777	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1778	other operation levels.
1779
178020080312:
1781	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1782	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1783	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1784	compatibility with any prior release:
1785
1786	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1787	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1788	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1789
179020080301:
1791	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1792	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1793	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1794	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1795	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1796	nonetheless.
1797
179820080229:
1799	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1800	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1801	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1802	with older hardware easier to do.
1803
180420080220:
1805	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1806	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1807
180820080211:
1809	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1810	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1811	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1812	firewall rules.
1813
181420080208:
1815	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1816	mbuf chains.
1817
181820080126:
1819	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1820	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1821	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1822	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1823	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1824	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1825	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1826	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1827	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1828	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1829	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1830	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1831
183220080123:
1833	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1834	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1835	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1836
183720071128:
1838	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1839	functionality is the default now.
1840
184120071118:
1842	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1843	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1844	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1845	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1846	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1847
1848	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1849	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1850	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1851
185220071024:
1853	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1854	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1855	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1856	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1857	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1858	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1859	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1860	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1861	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1862	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1863	however.
1864
186520071020:
1866	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1867	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1868	used kproc_start()..
1869	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1870	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1871	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1872
187320071010:
1874	RELENG_7 branched.
1875
1876COMMON ITEMS:
1877
1878	General Notes
1879	-------------
1880	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1881	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1882	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1883	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1884	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1885	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1886	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1887
1888	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1889	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1890	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1891	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1892	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1893
1894	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1895	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1896	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1897	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1898	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1899
1900	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1901	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1902	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1903	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1904
1905	ZFS notes
1906	---------
1907	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1908	these two steps:
1909
1910	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1911	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1912
1913	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1914
1915	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1916	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1917	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1918
1919	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1920
1921	To build a kernel
1922	-----------------
1923	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1924	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1925	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1926
1927	make kernel-toolchain
1928	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1929	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1930
1931	To test a kernel once
1932	---------------------
1933	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1934	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1935	debugging information) run
1936	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1937	nextboot -k testkernel
1938
1939	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1940	--------------------------------------------------------------
1941	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1942	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1943	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1944
1945	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1946	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1947	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1948	make depend
1949	make
1950	make install
1951
1952	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1953
1954	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1955	-----------------------------------------------------------
1956	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1957	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1958
1959	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1960	make buildworld
1961	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1962							[1]
1963	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1964	mergemaster -p					[5]
1965	make installworld
1966	mergemaster -i					[4]
1967	make delete-old					[6]
1968	<reboot>
1969
1970	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1971	--------------------------------------------------
1972	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1973	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1974	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1975	# size.
1976
1977	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1978	<boot into -stable>
1979	make buildworld
1980	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1981	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1982	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1983	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1984	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1985	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1986	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1987	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1988	<reboot into current>
1989	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1990	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1991	<reboot>
1992
1993
1994	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1995	----------------------------------------------
1996	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1997	make buildworld					[9]
1998	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1999							[1]
2000	<reboot in single user>				[3]
2001	mergemaster -p					[5]
2002	make installworld
2003	mergemaster -i					[4]
2004	make delete-old					[6]
2005	<reboot>
2006
2007	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2008	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2009	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2010	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2011	the UPDATING entries.
2012
2013	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2014	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2015	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2016	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2017	much fewer pitfalls.
2018
2019	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2020	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2021	system on reboot.
2022
2023	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2024		fsck -p
2025		mount -u /
2026		mount -a
2027		cd src
2028		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2029	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2030	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2031
2032	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2033	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2034	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2035	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2036	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2037	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2038	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2039
2040	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
2041	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2042	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2043	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2044	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2045	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2046
2047	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2048	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2049	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2050
2051	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2052	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2053	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2054	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2055	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
2056	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2057
2058	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2059	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2060
2061	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2062	cvs prune empty directories.
2063
2064	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2065	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2066	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2067
2068	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2069	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2070	warn if it is improperly defined.
2071FORMAT:
2072
2073This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2074breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2075list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2076If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2077to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2078
2079Copyright information:
2080
2081Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2082
2083Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2084modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2085document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2086
2087THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2088IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2089WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2090DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2091INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2092(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2093SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2094HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2095STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2096IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2097POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2098
2099Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2100this document.
2101
2102$FreeBSD: releng/10.0/UPDATING 271669 2014-09-16 09:50:19Z delphij $
2103