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11<article xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
12  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0">
13
14  <info>
15    <title>&os; &release.current; Release Notes</title>
16
17    <author>
18      <orgname>The &os; Project</orgname>
19    </author>
20
21    <pubdate>$FreeBSD: stable/10/release/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/relnotes/article.xml 270641 2014-08-25 22:25:57Z gjb $</pubdate>
22
23    <copyright>
24      <year>2000</year>
25      <year>2001</year>
26      <year>2002</year>
27      <year>2003</year>
28      <year>2004</year>
29      <year>2005</year>
30      <year>2006</year>
31      <year>2007</year>
32      <year>2008</year>
33      <year>2009</year>
34      <year>2010</year>
35      <year>2011</year>
36      <year>2012</year>
37      <year>2013</year>
38      <year>2014</year>
39      <holder role="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org">The &os; Documentation
40	Project</holder>
41    </copyright>
42
43    <legalnotice xml:id="trademarks" role="trademarks">
44      &tm-attrib.freebsd;
45      &tm-attrib.ibm;
46      &tm-attrib.ieee;
47      &tm-attrib.intel;
48      &tm-attrib.sparc;
49      &tm-attrib.general;
50    </legalnotice>
51
52    <abstract>
53      <para>The release notes for &os; &release.current; contain
54	a summary of the changes made to the &os; base system on the
55	&release.branch; development line.  This document lists
56	applicable security advisories that were issued since the last
57	release, as well as significant changes to the &os; kernel and
58	userland.  Some brief remarks on upgrading are also
59	presented.</para>
60    </abstract>
61  </info>
62
63  <sect1 xml:id="intro">
64    <title>Introduction</title>
65
66    <para>This document contains the release notes for &os;
67      &release.current;.  It describes recently added, changed, or
68      deleted features of &os;.  It also provides some notes on
69      upgrading from previous versions of &os;.</para>
70
71    <para releasetype="current">The &release.type; distribution to
72      which these release notes apply represents the latest point
73      along the &release.branch; development branch since
74      &release.branch; was created.  Information regarding pre-built,
75      binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
76      found at <uri
77	xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
78
79    <para releasetype="snapshot">The &release.type; distribution to
80      which these release notes apply represents a point along the
81      &release.branch; development branch between &release.prev; and
82      the future &release.next;.  Information regarding pre-built,
83      binary &release.type; distributions along this branch can be
84      found at <uri
85	xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri>.</para>
86
87    <para releasetype="release">This distribution of &os;
88      &release.current; is a &release.type; distribution.  It can be
89      found at <uri xlink:href="&release.url;">&release.url;</uri> or
90      any of its mirrors.  More information on obtaining this (or
91      other) &release.type; distributions of &os; can be found in the
92      <link
93	xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/mirrors.html"><quote>Obtaining
94	  &os;</quote> appendix</link> to the <link
95	xlink:href="&url.books.handbook;/">&os;
96	Handbook</link>.</para>
97
98    <para>All users are encouraged to consult the release errata
99      before installing &os;.  The errata document is updated with
100      <quote>late-breaking</quote> information discovered late in the
101      release cycle or after the release.  Typically, it contains
102      information on known bugs, security advisories, and corrections
103      to documentation.  An up-to-date copy of the errata for &os;
104      &release.current; can be found on the &os; Web site.</para>
105  </sect1>
106
107  <sect1 xml:id="new">
108    <title>What's New</title>
109
110    <para>This section describes the most user-visible new or changed
111      features in &os; since &release.prev;.</para>
112
113    <para>Typical release note items document recent security
114      advisories issued after &release.prev;, new drivers or hardware
115      support, new commands or options, major bug fixes, or
116      contributed software upgrades.  They may also list changes to
117      major ports/packages or release engineering practices.  Clearly
118      the release notes cannot list every single change made to &os;
119      between releases; this document focuses primarily on security
120      advisories, user-visible changes, and major architectural
121      improvements.</para>
122
123    <sect2 xml:id="security">
124      <title>Security Advisories</title>
125
126      <para>&nbsp;</para>
127
128    </sect2>
129
130    <sect2 xml:id="kernel">
131      <title>Kernel Changes</title>
132
133      <para revision="260338">The
134	<literal>vfs.zfs.zio.use_uma</literal> &man.sysctl.8; has been
135	re-enabled.  On multi-CPU machines with enough RAM, this can
136	easily double &man.zfs.8; performance or reduce CPU usage in
137	half.  It was originally disabled due to memory and
138	<acronym>KVA</acronym> exhaustion problem reports, which
139	should be resolved due to several change in the VM
140	subsystem.</para>
141
142      <para revision="260385" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ix;">The
143	&man.geom.4; RAID driver has been
144	updated to support unmapped I/O.</para>
145
146      <para revision="260431">A new &man.sysctl.8;,
147	<literal>kern.panic_reboot_wait_time</literal>, has been
148	added, which allows controlling how long the system will wait
149	after &man.panic.9; before rebooting.</para>
150
151      <para revision="260857">The &man.virtio_blk.4; driver has been
152	updated to support unmapped I/O.</para>
153
154      <para revision="260858">The &man.virtio_scsi.4; driver has been
155	updated to support unmapped I/O.</para>
156
157      <para revision="262861">The &man.vt.4; driver has been merged
158	from &os;-CURRENT.  To enable &man.vt.4;, enter
159	<literal>set kern.vty=vt</literal> at the &man.loader.8;
160	prompt during boot, or add <literal>kern.vty=vt</literal> to
161	&man.loader.conf.5; and reboot the system.</para>
162
163      <para revision="262967">Support for MegaRAID Fury cards has been
164	added to the &man.mfi.4; driver.</para>
165
166      <para revision="263024">The &man.aacraid.4; driver has been
167	updated to version 3.2.5.</para>
168
169      <para revision="263122">Support for &man.hwpmc.4; has been added
170	for &powerpc;&nbsp;970 class processors.</para>
171
172      <para revision="263197">Support for ADT7460 and ADT7467 fan
173	controllers found in newer PowerBooks&trade; and
174	iBooks&trade; has been added to the &man.iicbus.4;
175	driver.</para>
176
177      <para revision="263256">A panic triggered by removing
178	a &man.urtwn.4; device has been fixed.</para>
179
180      <para revision="263799">A potential deadlock in the &man.usb.4;
181	stack triggered by detaching USB devices that create character
182	devices has been fixed.</para>
183
184      <para revision="263869">Support for &amd;&nbsp;Family 16h sensor
185	devices has been added to &man.amdtemp.4;.</para>
186
187      <para revision="264522">Support for LUN-based CD changers has
188	been removed from the &man.cd.4; driver.</para>
189
190      <para revision="264734">Support for 9th generation HP host bus
191	adapter cards has been added to &man.ciss.4;.</para>
192
193      <para revision="265388" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&lsi;">The
194	&man.mpr.4; device has been added,
195	providing support for LSI Fusion-MPT 3 12Gb SCSI/SATA
196	controllers.</para>
197
198      <para revision="265536">The <literal>GEOM_VINUM</literal> option
199	is now able to be built both directly into the kernel or as
200	a &man.kldload.8; loadable module.</para>
201
202      <para revision="265610">The &man.uslcom.4; driver has been
203	updated to support 26 new devices.</para>
204
205      <para revision="265922" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&lsi;">The
206	&man.mrsas.4; driver has been added,
207	providing support for LSI MegaRAID SAS controllers.  The
208	&man.mfi.4; driver will attach to the controller, by default.
209	To enable &man.mrsas.4; add
210	<literal>hw.mfi.mrsas_enable=1</literal> to
211	<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, which turns off
212	&man.mfi.4; device probing.</para>
213
214      <note>
215	<para>At this time, the &man.mfiutil.8; utility and
216	  the &os; version of
217	  <application>MegaCLI</application> and
218	  <application>StorCli</application> do not work with
219	  &man.mrsas.4;.</para>
220      </note>
221
222      <para revision="266165">A kernel bug that inhibited proper
223	functionality of the <literal>dev.cpu.0.freq</literal>
224	&man.sysctl.8; on &intel; processors with Turbo
225	Boost&trade; enabled has been fixed.</para>
226
227      <para revision="266220">The &man.geom.uncompress.4; module is
228	built by default which, similar to &man.geom.uzip.4;,
229	provides support for compressed, read-only disk
230	images.</para>
231
232      <para revision="266436">The &man.uart.4; driver has been
233	updated to include support for the &intel;&nbsp;Lynx Point
234	KT <acronym>AMT</acronym> serial port.</para>
235
236      <para revision="266718">A bug that would prevent
237	a &man.jail.8; from setting the correct IPv4 source address
238	with some operations that required
239	<literal>security.jail.allow_raw_sockets</literal> has been
240	fixed.</para>
241
242      <para revision="266911">The &man.hwpmc.4; driver has been
243	updated to support core events from the Atom&trade;
244	Silvermont architecture.</para>
245
246      <para revision="267084">The &man.mfi.4; driver has been
247	updated to include support for unmapped I/O.</para>
248
249      <para revision="267457">The &man.hpt27xx.4; driver has been
250	updated with various vendor-supplied bug fixes.</para>
251
252      <para revision="268046">The &man.oce.4; driver has been updated
253	with vendor-supplied fixes for big endian support, and 20GB/s
254	and 25GB/s link speeds.</para>
255
256      <para revision="270130" contrib="sponsor"
257	sponsor="&citrix.rd;">Support for unmapped I/O has been added
258	to the &man.xen.4; <literal>blkfront</literal> driver.</para>
259
260      <para revision="270630">The &os;&nbsp;virtual memory subsystem
261	has been updated to implement <quote>fast path</quote> for
262	the page fault handler.</para>
263
264      <sect3 xml:id="kernel-virtualization">
265	<title>Virtualization Support</title>
266
267	<para revision="259450">Support for &microsoft; Hyper-V
268	  has been added to &os;/i386 as loadable modules, however
269	  not available in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel
270	  configuration.</para>
271
272	<para revision="261090">The &man.bhyve.4; hypervisor now
273	  supports soft power-off functionality via the ACPI S5
274	  state.</para>
275
276	<para revision="267399">Support for &os;/i386 guests has been
277	  added to &man.bhyve.4;.</para>
278
279	<para revision="267427">Support for virtualized
280	  <literal>XSAVE</literal> has been added to &man.bhyve.4;,
281	  allowing guest operating systems to use
282	  <literal>XSAVE</literal> and
283	  <literal>XSAVE</literal>-enabled features, such as
284	  <acronym>AVX</acronym>.</para>
285
286	<para revision="268932">The &man.bhyve.4; hypervisor now
287	  supports booting from a &man.zfs.8; filesystem.</para>
288
289	<para revision="268933">A new driver, &man.virtio_random.4;,
290	  has been added, which allows &os; virtual machines to
291	  harvest entropy from the hypervisor.</para>
292
293	<para revision="270159">The &man.bhyve.4; hypervisor has been
294	  synced with the version in &os;-CURRENT.</para>
295
296	<para>A number of enhancements have been added, and several
297	  bug fixes, including:</para>
298
299	<itemizedlist>
300	  <listitem>
301	    <para>Post-mortem debugging has been added when
302	      a guest virtual machine exits with an
303	      <quote><acronym>EPT</acronym> Misconfiguration</quote>
304	      error.</para>
305	  </listitem>
306
307	  <listitem>
308	    <para>The hypervisor &man.virtio.4; <acronym>API</acronym>
309	      has been expanded from 32- to 64-bit.</para>
310	  </listitem>
311
312	  <listitem>
313	    <para>Support for identifying capabilities of the virtual
314	      <acronym>CPU</acronym> has been added.</para>
315	  </listitem>
316
317	  <listitem>
318	    <para>Support for emulating legacy x86 task
319	      switching has been added.</para>
320	  </listitem>
321
322	  <listitem>
323	    <para>Support to list the VT-x features in base kernel
324	      &man.dmesg.8; has been added.</para>
325	  </listitem>
326
327	  <listitem>
328	    <para>Support for extended PCI configuration space
329	      has been added.</para>
330	  </listitem>
331	</itemizedlist>
332      </sect3>
333
334      <sect3 xml:id="kernel-arm">
335	<title>ARM Support</title>
336
337	<para revision="259355">The <filename>WANDBOARD</filename>
338	  kernel configuration file has been added.</para>
339
340	<para revision="265067">Boot devices may now be specified by
341	  setting a u-boot environment variable.  If a boot device is
342	  not specified, the probe mechanism will be used.  To specify
343	  the boot device, set the
344	  <literal>loaderdev=<replaceable>device</replaceable></literal>
345	  u-boot environment variable.</para>
346
347	<para revision="266000">The <literal>nexus(4)</literal> driver
348	  has been updated to include <quote>Flattened Device
349	    Tree</quote> support, replacing the &man.fdtbus.4; driver
350	  in most cases.</para>
351
352	<para revision="266105">The &man.gpioiic.4; and
353	  &man.gpioled.4; have been merged from &os;-CURRENT.</para>
354
355	<para revision="266379">The <literal>ZEDBOARD</literal> kernel
356	  configuration file has been updated to include
357	  <acronym>SMP</acronym> support.</para>
358      </sect3>
359
360      <sect3 xml:id="boot">
361	<title>Boot Loader Changes</title>
362
363	<para revision="262701">A kernel selection menu has been added
364	  to &man.loader.8;.  If the <quote>beastie menu</quote> is
365	  enabled, the kernel to boot may be selected from the kernel
366	  selection menu.  Additional kernels may be listed in
367	  &man.loader.conf.5; as a comma- or space-separated list.  By
368	  default, <literal>kernel</literal> and
369	  <literal>kernel.old</literal> are listed.</para>
370      </sect3>
371
372      <sect3 xml:id="proc">
373	<title>Hardware Support</title>
374
375	<para>&nbsp;</para>
376
377	<sect4 xml:id="mm">
378	  <title>Multimedia Support</title>
379
380	  <para>&nbsp;</para>
381
382	</sect4>
383
384	<sect4 xml:id="net-if">
385	  <title>Network Interface Support</title>
386
387	  <para revision="259453">Support for Ralink RT5370 and
388	    RT5372 chipsets has been added to the &man.run.4;
389	    driver.</para>
390
391	  <para revision="260120">Firmware for the &man.run.4; driver
392	    has been updated to version 0.33.</para>
393
394	  <para revision="261868">Support for the Ralink RT3593
395	    chipset has been added to the &man.run.4; driver.</para>
396
397	  <para revision="261972">The &man.nve.4; driver is now
398	    deprecated, and the &man.nfe.4; driver should be used
399	    instead.</para>
400
401	  <para revision="262137">Support for the &man.axge.4; driver
402	    has been added.  This driver supports the ASIX AX88178A
403	    and AX88179 USB ethernet adapters.  The AX88178A supports
404	    USB 2.0, and the AX88179 supports USB 2.0 and 3.0.</para>
405
406	  <para revision="262363">The &man.urndis.4; driver has been
407	    imported from OpenBSD.</para>
408
409	  <para revision="264866">Support for multiple
410	    transmitter/receiver queues has been added to the
411	    &man.vmx.4; driver.</para>
412
413	  <note>
414	    <para>The &os;&nbsp;guest operating system must have
415	      <acronym>MSIX</acronym> enabled as a prerequisite for
416	      multiple queues.</para>
417	  </note>
418
419	  <para revision="265345">Support for the ASUS USB-N10 Nano
420	    wireless card has been added to the &man.urtwn.4;
421	    driver.</para>
422
423	  <para revision="266212">Transmission checksum offloading has
424	    been disabled for the RTL8168C and RTL8168CP chipsets in
425	    the &man.re.4; driver for TCP and UDP frames.  This is
426	    due to a report of UDP datagrams with IP options
427	    generating corrupt frames.</para>
428
429	  <para revision="266578">Preliminary support has been added
430	    to the &man.urtwn.4; driver for the Realtek RTL8188EUS and
431	    RTL8188ETV chipsets.</para>
432
433	  <para revision="267694">A bug in the fast receiver buffer
434	    recycle path has been fixed in the &man.cxgbe.4;
435	    driver.</para>
436
437	  <para revision="267849" contrib="vendor"
438	    vendor="&chelsio;">The bundled &man.cxgbe.4; firmware for
439	    T4 and T5 cards has been updated to version
440	    1.11.27.0.</para>
441
442	  <para revision="269196">The &man.em.4; driver has been
443	    updated to version 7.4.2.</para>
444
445	  <para revision="269975">The &man.ixgbe.4; tunables have been
446	    renamed to match their &man.sysctl.8; counterparts:</para>
447
448	  <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="0">
449	    <tgroup cols="2">
450	      <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
451	      <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
452	      <thead>
453		<row>
454		  <entry>Old Name</entry>
455		  <entry>New Name</entry>
456		</row>
457	      </thead>
458
459	      <tbody>
460		<row>
461		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.enable_aim</literal></entry>
462		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.enable_aim</literal></entry>
463		</row>
464
465		<row>
466		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.max_interrupt_rate</literal></entry>
467		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.max_interrupt_rate</literal></entry>
468		</row>
469
470		<row>
471		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.rx_process_limit</literal></entry>
472		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.rx_process_limit</literal></entry>
473		</row>
474
475		<row>
476		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.tx_process_limit</literal></entry>
477		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.tx_process_limit</literal></entry>
478		</row>
479
480		<row>
481		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.enable_msix</literal></entry>
482		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.enable_msix</literal></entry>
483		</row>
484
485		<row>
486		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.num_queues</literal></entry>
487		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.num_queues</literal></entry>
488		</row>
489
490		<row>
491		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.txd</literal></entry>
492		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.txd</literal></entry>
493		</row>
494
495		<row>
496		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.rxd</literal></entry>
497		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.rxd</literal></entry>
498		</row>
499
500		<row>
501		  <entry><literal>hw.ixgbe.unsupported_sfp</literal></entry>
502		  <entry><literal>hw.ix.unsupported_sfp</literal></entry>
503		</row>
504	      </tbody>
505	    </tgroup>
506	  </informaltable>
507
508	  <para>Be sure to update &man.loader.conf.5; if using the
509	    old tunables before upgrading to
510	    &os;&nbsp;&release.current;.</para>
511
512	  <para revision="270061">The &man.if.nf10bmac.4; driver has
513	    been merged from &os;-CURRENT to support the NetFPGA-10G
514	    Embedded CPU Ethernet Core.</para>
515
516	  <para revision="270297">The &man.cxgbe.4; driver has been
517	    updated to support &man.netmap.4; for the T5 10G/40G
518	    cards.</para>
519
520	  <para revision="270509">The &man.vtnet.4; driver has been
521	    updated to support &man.netmap.4;.</para>
522
523	  <para revision="270514">The &man.urtwn.4; driver has been
524	    updated to support the ASUS USB-AC51 wireless card.</para>
525	</sect4>
526      </sect3>
527
528      <sect3 xml:id="net-proto">
529	<title>Network Protocols</title>
530
531	<para revision="265946">Support for the UDP-Lite protocol
532	  (RFC 3828) has been added to the IPv4 and IPv6
533	  stacks.</para>
534
535	<para revision="267771">A bug in &man.sctp.4; that would allow
536	  two listening sockets bound to the same port has been
537	  fixed.</para>
538      </sect3>
539
540      <sect3 xml:id="disks">
541	<title>Disks and Storage</title>
542
543	<para revision="259328" contrib="sponsor" sponsor="&ff;">The
544	  &man.geom.8; <literal>label</literal> class is now aware of
545	  resized partitions.  This corrects an issue where
546	  <command>geom resize</command> would resize the partition,
547	  but the label provider in <filename
548	    class="directory">/dev/gptid/</filename> would not be
549	  resized.</para>
550
551	<para revision="260502">The &man.gmirror.8;
552	  utility now has a <literal>resize</literal> command, making
553	  it easier to resize the size of a mirror when all of its
554	  components have been replaced.</para>
555
556	<para revision="265912">The &man.geom.8;
557	  <literal>GEOM_PART</literal> class has been updated to
558	  support automatic partition resizing.  Changes to the
559	  partition size are not saved to disk until
560	  <command>gpart commit</command> is run, and prior to saving,
561	  can be reverted with <command>gpart undo</command>.</para>
562
563	<para revision="268091">Support for the
564	  <literal>disklabel64</literal> partitioning scheme has been
565	  added to &man.gpart.8;.</para>
566
567	<para revision="266594">The <literal>radeonkms(4)</literal>
568	  driver has been updated to include 32-bit &man.ioctl.2;
569	  support, allowing 32-bit applications to run on a 64-bit
570	  system.</para>
571
572	<para revision="269298">The maximum number of
573	  <acronym>SCSI</acronym> ports in the &man.ctl.4; driver has
574	  been increased from 32 to 128.</para>
575
576	<para revision="270552">A new &man.sysctl.8; and
577	  &man.loader.8; tunable,
578	  <literal>kern.geom.part.mbr.enforce_chs</literal> has been
579	  added to the &man.geom.8; <literal>MBR</literal> partition
580	  class.  When set to a non-zero value,
581	  <literal>GEOM_PART_MBR</literal> will automatically
582	  recalculate the user-specified offset and size for alignment
583	  with the disk geometry.</para>
584      </sect3>
585
586      <sect3 xml:id="fs">
587	<title>File Systems</title>
588
589	<para revision="260178" contrib="vendor"
590	  vendor="&netflix;">A new flag, <literal>-R</literal>,
591	  has been added to the &man.fsck.ffs.8; utility.  When used,
592	  &man.fsck.ffs.8; will restart itself when too many critical
593	  errors have been detected.</para>
594
595	<para revision="263407">The &man.zfs.8; filesystem has been
596	  updated to implement <quote>bookmarks</quote>.  See
597	  &man.zfs.8; for further details.</para>
598
599	<para revision="266122">The &man.zfs.8; filesystem has been
600	  updated to allow tuning the minimum <quote>ashift</quote>
601	  value when creating new top-level virtual devices (vdevs).
602	  To set the minimum ashift value, for example when creating
603	  a &man.zpool.8; on <quote>Advanced Format</quote> drives,
604	  set the <literal>vfs.zfs.min_auto_ashift</literal>
605	  &man.sysctl.8; accordingly.</para>
606
607	<para revision="266612">The <literal>libzfs</literal> thread
608	  pool <acronym>API</acronym> has been imported from
609	  OpenSolaris, and adapted for &os;.  This change allows
610	  parallel disk scanning, which can reduce &man.zpool.8;
611	  overall import time in some workloads.</para>
612
613	<para revision="269651">The &man.restore.8; utility has been
614	  updated to prevent assertion failures when restoring
615	  a <acronym>UFS</acronym> filesystem dump to
616	  a <acronym>ZFS</acronym> filesystem by writing restored
617	  files in block sizes that are a multiple of 1024.</para>
618
619	<para revision="269774">Two &man.sysctl.8;s have been added
620	  to the &man.zfs.8; filesystem:</para>
621
622	<itemizedlist>
623	  <listitem>
624	    <para>
625	      <literal>vfs.zfs.mg_fragmentation_threshold</literal>:&nbsp;The
626	      percentage of the metaslab group size that should be
627	      considered eligible for allocation, unless all metaslab
628	      groups within the metaslab class have also crossed this
629	      threshold.</para>
630	  </listitem>
631
632	  <listitem>
633	    <para>
634	      <literal>vfs.zfs.metaslab.fragmentation_threshold</literal>:&nbsp;The
635	      maximum percentage of metaslab fragmentation level to
636	      keep their active state</para>
637	  </listitem>
638	</itemizedlist>
639
640	<para revision="269846">The default &man.zfs.8;
641	  <acronym>ARC</acronym> hash table size has been increased,
642	  and a new &man.loader.8; tunable,
643	  <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_average_blocksize</literal>, has been
644	  added.  Previously, the hash table could be too small, which
645	  would lead to long hash chains and limit performance for
646	  cached reads.  The
647	  <literal>vfs.zfs.arc_average_blocksize</literal> tunable
648	  allows overriding the default block size.  The previous
649	  default was 65536, and default of the new &man.loader.8;
650	  tunable is 8192.</para>
651
652	<para revision="270157">The Fast File System
653	  (<acronym>FFS</acronym>) has been updated to support
654	  multi-threaded soft updates.  Previously, soft updates were
655	  handled by a single thread, and as of this change, now have
656	  one thread per <acronym>FFS</acronym> mountpoint.</para>
657      </sect3>
658    </sect2>
659
660    <sect2 xml:id="userland">
661      <title>Userland Changes</title>
662
663      <para revision="260177" contrib="sponsor"
664	sponsor="&netflix;">A new flag is added to &man.camcontrol.8;,
665	<literal>-b</literal>, which outputs the existing buses and
666	their parents.</para>
667
668      <para revision="262075">The &man.newsyslog.8; utility has been
669	updated to rotate files based on the actual file size instead
670	of the blocks on disk.  This matches the behavior documented
671	in &man.newsyslog.conf.5;.</para>
672
673      <para revision="262384">The location of the &man.rctl.8;
674	configuration file can now be overridden in &man.rc.conf.5;.
675	To use a non-default location, set
676	<literal>rctl_rules</literal> in &man.rc.conf.5; to the
677	location of the file.</para>
678
679      <para revision="262855">The <application>ATF</application> test
680	suite has been updated to version 0.20.</para>
681
682      <para revision="263019">The <literal>libucl</literal> library
683	(Unified Configuration Library) has been merged from
684	&os;-CURRENT.</para>
685
686      <para revision="263020">The &man.pkg.7; bootstrapping utility
687	has been synced with the version in &os;-CURRENT.</para>
688
689      <para revision="263403">The &man.zfs.8; userland utility has
690	been updated to include aliases for
691	<command>snapshot</command>, which allows use of <command>zfs
692	  list -t snap</command> and <command>zfs
693	  snap</command>.</para>
694
695      <para revision="263405">The &man.zfs.8; userland utility has
696	been updated to include a new flag to <command>zfs
697	  list</command>, <literal>-p</literal>, which when specified,
698	prints the output in a parsable format.</para>
699
700      <para revision="263783">The Blowfish password format
701	implementation updated.  Support for &dollar;2b&dollar; has
702	been added, allowing use of passwords greater than 256
703	characters long.</para>
704
705      <para revision="264497">The &man.iconv.3; library has been
706	updated to match NetBSD, providing several bug fixes.</para>
707
708      <para revision="265265">The &man.date.1; utility has been
709	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-R</literal>, which
710	prints the date and time output as specified in RFC
711	2822.</para>
712
713      <para revision="265533">The &man.bc.1; utility has been updated
714	to version 1.1, in sync with the version in OpenBSD.</para>
715
716      <para revision="265604" contrib="vendor"
717	vendor="&netflix;">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
718	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-a</literal>, which
719	when specified, produces a full stack track on the sampled
720	points.</para>
721
722      <para revision="265701">The &man.netstat.8; and &man.route.8;
723	utilities have been updated to include a shorthand equivalent
724	to the <literal>-f inet</literal> and <literal>-f
725	  inet6</literal> address specifiers, <literal>-4</literal>
726	and <literal>-6</literal>, respectively.</para>
727
728      <para revision="265879">The &man.crypt.3; library now defaults
729	to SHA512 for password hashing.</para>
730
731      <para revision="266014">The &man.gvinum.8; utility has been
732	updated to allow forceful configuration reset with the
733	<literal>-f</literal> flag.  Additionally, a bug that would
734	prevent <literal>-f</literal> from properly creating
735	a &man.gvinum.8; configuration has been fixed.</para>
736
737      <para revision="266029">The &man.login.conf.5; file now takes
738	precedence over the shell-specific environment files.  In
739	particular, the <literal>PATH</literal>,
740	<literal>BLOCKSIZE</literal> variables are commented from
741	<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.profile</filename>, and the
742	<literal>path</literal>, <literal>BLOCKSIZE</literal>, and
743	<literal>umask</literal> variables have been commented from
744	<filename>/usr/share/skel/dot.cshrc</filename>.</para>
745
746      <para revision="266272">The &man.binmiscctl.8; userland utility
747	and related image activator features have been merged from
748	&os;-CURRENT.</para>
749
750      <para revision="266279">The &man.ps.1; utility has been
751	updated to include the <literal>-J</literal> flag, used to
752	filter output by matching &man.jail.8; IDs and names.
753	Additionally, argument <literal>0</literal> can be used to
754	<literal>-J</literal> to only list processes running on the
755	host system.</para>
756
757      <para revision="266280">The &man.top.1; utility has been updated
758	to filter by &man.jail.8; ID or name, in followup to the
759	&man.ps.1; change in <literal>r265229</literal>.</para>
760
761      <para revision="266610">The &man.gstat.8; utility has been
762	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-o</literal>.  When
763	set, &man.gstat.8; will display statistics for operations
764	such as <literal>BIO_FLUSH</literal>.</para>
765
766      <para revision="266632">The &man.fetch.3; library has been
767	updated to look for root <acronym>SSL</acronym> certificates
768	in <filename class="directory">/usr/local/etc/ssl/</filename>
769	before <filename
770	  class="directory">/etc/ssl/</filename>.</para>
771
772      <para revision="266715">The &man.clang.1;/llvm suite has been
773	updated to version 3.4.1.</para>
774
775      <para revision="266816">The Blowfish password format
776	has been changed to &dollar;2b&dollar; by default.</para>
777
778      <para revision="266888">The amount of data collected for
779	&man.hwpmc.4; has been updated to work with modern processors
780	and larger amounts of available memory.</para>
781
782      <para revision="266890">The &man.pmcstat.8; utility has been
783	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-l</literal>, which
784	ends event collection after the specified number of
785	seconds.</para>
786
787      <para revision="266953">The &man.mergemaster.8; utility has
788	been updated to avoid printing
789	<quote><filename>/var/tmp/temproot</filename>
790	  disappeared</quote> if there is nothing to compare.</para>
791
792      <para revision="267056">The &os; installer, &man.bsdinstall.8;,
793	has been updated to include optional
794	&man.geli.8;-encrypted or &man.gmirror.8;-mirrored swap
795	devices when installing onto a full &man.zfs.8; filesystem.
796	Additionally, the parent &man.zfs.8; dataset is now configured
797	with <literal>lz4</literal> compression enabled.</para>
798
799      <para revision="267113">The default &man.newsyslog.conf.5; now
800	includes files in the
801	<filename>/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename> and
802	<filename>/usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/</filename>
803	directories by default for &man.newsyslog.8;.</para>
804
805      <para revision="267161">The &man.realpath.1; utility has been
806	updated to return <literal>ENOTDIR</literal> on paths
807	components <quote>.</quote> and <quote>..</quote> that are
808	not directories, such as <filename
809	  class="directory">/dev/null/.</filename> or <filename
810	  class="directory">/dev/null/..</filename>.</para>
811
812      <para revision="267236">A new flag, <quote>onifconsole</quote>
813	has been added to <filename>/etc/ttys</filename>.  This allows
814	the system to provide a login prompt via serial console if the
815	device is an active kernel console, otherwise it is equivalent
816	to <literal>off</literal>.</para>
817
818      <para revision="267341">Support for legacy
819	<acronym>PCI</acronym> devices has been removed from
820	&man.bhyve.8;.</para>
821
822      <para revision="267450">The &man.bhyve.8; userland utility
823	has been updated to include SMBIOS support.  A new flag has
824	been added, <literal>-U</literal>, which allows specifying the
825	UUID of the guest in the System Information structure.</para>
826
827      <para revision="267734">The &os;&nbsp;Project has migrated
828	from the <application>GNATS</application> bug tracking system
829	to <application>Bugzilla</application>.  The &man.send-pr.1;
830	utility used for submitting problem reports has been replaced
831	with a stub shell script that instructs to use the Bugzilla
832	web interface.</para>
833
834      <para revision="267747">The &man.patch.1; utility has been
835	updated to include a <literal>--dry-run</literal> flag, which
836	is equivalent to <literal>--check</literal> and
837	<literal>-C</literal>.</para>
838
839      <para revision="267878">A bug in &man.bsdgrep.1; that would
840	prevent patterns from being matched under certain conditions
841	has been fixed.</para>
842
843      <para revision="267979">The &man.procstat.1; utility has been
844	updated to include two new flags, <literal>-r</literal> and
845	<literal>-H</literal>.  When <literal>-r</literal> is
846	specified, &man.procstat.1; will print current resource usage
847	about the process(es).  When <literal>-H</literal> is
848	specified, &man.procstat.1; will print information about
849	threads rather than the process(es).</para>
850
851      <note>
852	<para>The <literal>-H</literal> flag is currently only used
853	  with <literal>-r</literal> to display resource usage for
854	  individual threads, rather than the entire process.</para>
855      </note>
856
857      <para revision="268019">The &man.sed.1; utility has been
858	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-u</literal>, which
859	enables unbuffered output when specified.</para>
860
861      <para revision="268161">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
862	merged from &os;-CURRENT.</para>
863
864      <para revision="268700">The &man.camcontrol.8; has been updated
865	to include a new <literal>persist</literal> command, which
866	allows issuing <command>SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE IN</command>
867	and <command>SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE OUT</command>.</para>
868
869      <para revision="268791">The &man.gstat.8; utility has been
870	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-p</literal>, which
871	displays only physical providers when specified.</para>
872
873      <para revision="268903">The &man.kldstat.8; utility has been
874	updated to allow <literal>-q</literal> to be specified when
875	also specifying <literal>-n
876	  <replaceable>module.ko</replaceable></literal>.</para>
877
878      <para revision="269177">The &man.mkimg.1; utility has been
879	updated to include support for both fixed- and
880	dynamically-allocated images for the <acronym>VHD</acronym>
881	and <acronym>VMDK</acronym> formats.</para>
882
883      <para revision="269220">The &man.random.4; entropy collection
884	script, <filename>/usr/libexec/save-entropy</filename>, no
885	longer runs within &man.jail.8; environments.</para>
886
887      <para revision="269397">The &man.bhyve.8; wrapper script,
888	<filename>/usr/share/examples/bhyve/vmrun.sh</filename>,
889	has been synced with &os;-CURRENT.</para>
890
891      <para>This update includes:</para>
892
893      <itemizedlist>
894	<listitem>
895	  <para>A new flag, <literal>-e</literal>, has been added,
896	    which is used to set &man.loader.8; environment
897	    variables.</para>
898	</listitem>
899
900	<listitem>
901	  <para>A new flag, <literal>-C</literal>, has been added,
902	    which is used to specify the guest console device.</para>
903	</listitem>
904
905	<listitem>
906	  <para>A new flag, <literal>-H</literal>, has been added,
907	    which is used to pass the host path to
908	    &man.bhyveload.8;.</para>
909	</listitem>
910
911	<listitem>
912	  <para>Support for multiple disk and &man.tap.4; devices
913	    has been added.</para>
914	</listitem>
915
916	<listitem>
917	  <para>The <literal>-I</literal> flag has been
918	    removed.</para>
919	</listitem>
920      </itemizedlist>
921
922      <para revision="269398">The &man.nfsd.8; server update to 4.1
923	has merged from &os;-CURRENT.</para>
924
925      <para revision="269432" arch="ia64">The serial terminals
926	<filename>ttyu0</filename> and <filename>ttyu1</filename> have
927	been updated to <literal>onifconsole</literal> by default in
928	&man.ttys.5;, which either can be the serial console,
929	depending on the platform.</para>
930
931      <para revision="269800">The &man.ping6.8; utility has been
932	updated to reset <literal>itimer</literal> when the maximum
933	number of packets to send have been reached.  This prevents
934	&man.ping6.8; from exiting when the interval in set to a small
935	value and a low number of packets to send has been
936	specified.</para>
937
938      <para revision="269805">The &man.jail.8; utility has been
939	updated to support extra &man.ifconfig.8; arguments for the
940	<literal>ip4.addr</literal> and <literal>ip6.addr</literal>
941	parameters.  This change allows &man.carp.4; interfaces to
942	be used within the &man.jail.8;.</para>
943
944      <para revision="269968">The &man.iscsictl.8; utility has been
945	updated to include a new flag, <literal>-M</literal>, which
946	allows modifying the <acronym>iSCSI</acronym> session
947	parameters without requiring the session to be removed and
948	added back.</para>
949
950      <para revision="270043">The &man.mount.nfs.8; utility has been
951	updated to support specifying the NFS version as
952	a <literal>key=<replaceable>value</replaceable></literal> pair
953	argument to the <literal>-o</literal> flag.  For example, to
954	specify NFS version 4, the syntax to use is
955	<literal>-o vers=4</literal>.</para>
956
957      <para revision="270401">Support for the <quote>account</quote>
958	facility has been added to &man.pam.3; library.</para>
959
960      <sect3 xml:id="rc-scripts">
961	<title><filename>/etc/rc.d</filename> Scripts</title>
962
963	<para revision="264438">The <filename>network.subr</filename>
964	  &man.rc.8; script has been updated to loosen the requirement
965	  of listing network aliases in numeric order.  Previously,
966	  a network alias of
967	  <literal>_alias<replaceable>2</replaceable></literal>
968	  would not be created if
969	  <literal>_alias<replaceable>1</replaceable></literal> was
970	  not defined.</para>
971
972	<para revision="268098">The &man.service.8; utility has been
973	  updated to check that the &man.rc.d.8; directory exists
974	  before traversing the directory.</para>
975      </sect3>
976    </sect2>
977
978    <sect2 xml:id="contrib">
979      <title>Contributed Software</title>
980
981      <para revision="263285">The &man.xz.1; utility has been updated
982	to a post-5.0.5 snapshot.</para>
983
984      <para revision="264377"><application>OpenSSH</application> has
985	been updated to version 6.6p1.</para>
986
987      <para revision="264911">The &man.nc.1; utility has been updated
988	to match the version in OpenBSD 5.5.</para>
989
990      <para revision="266692"><application>Sendmail</application>
991	has been updated to 8.14.9.</para>
992
993      <para revision="267477">The timezone database has been updated
994	to version tzdata2014e.</para>
995
996      <para revision="268515">The &man.file.1; utility and
997	&man.libmagic.3; library have been updated to 5.19.</para>
998
999      <para revision="268899">The &man.byacc.1; parser has been
1000	updated to version 20140422.</para>
1001
1002      <para revision="269024" contrib="sponsor"
1003	sponsor="&darpa_afrl;">The &man.lldb.1; debugging library has
1004	been updated to the r202189 snapshot.</para>
1005
1006      <para revision="269257">The &man.unbound.8; caching resolver and
1007	<literal>ldns</literal> have been updated to version
1008	1.4.22.</para>
1009
1010      <para revision="269686"><application>OpenSSL</application> has
1011	been updated to version 1.0.1i.</para>
1012
1013      <para revision="269847">The <quote>lite</quote> version of
1014	<application>Subversion</application> included in the
1015	&os;&nbsp;base system and its dependencies have been
1016	updated:</para>
1017
1018      <itemizedlist>
1019	<listitem>
1020	  <para><application>apr</application> has been
1021	    updated to version 1.5.1.</para>
1022	</listitem>
1023
1024	<listitem>
1025	  <para><application>apr-util</application> has been
1026	    updated to version 1.5.3.</para>
1027	</listitem>
1028
1029	<listitem>
1030	  <para><application>serf</application> has been
1031	    updated to version 1.3.7.</para>
1032	</listitem>
1033
1034	<listitem>
1035	  <para><application>svnlite</application> has been
1036	    updated to version 1.8.10.</para>
1037	</listitem>
1038      </itemizedlist>
1039
1040      <para revision="270026">The &man.nvi.1; editor has been
1041	update to version 2.1.2-c80f493b038.</para>
1042
1043      <para revision="270031">The &man.fparseln.3; library has
1044	been updated to version 1.7.</para>
1045
1046      <para revision="270415">The <application>lukemftpd</application>
1047	has been removed from the &os;&nbsp;base system.</para>
1048    </sect2>
1049
1050    <sect2 xml:id="ports">
1051      <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title>
1052
1053      <para>&nbsp;</para>
1054
1055    </sect2>
1056
1057    <sect2 xml:id="releng">
1058      <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title>
1059
1060      <para revision="263028">The &man.services.mkdb.8; utility has
1061	been updated to include endianness awareness, allowing the
1062	<filename>services.db</filename> database to be created as
1063	part of the release build, regardless of native- or
1064	cross-built releases.</para>
1065    </sect2>
1066
1067    <sect2 xml:id="doc">
1068      <title>Documentation</title>
1069
1070      <para>&nbsp;</para>
1071
1072    </sect2>
1073  </sect1>
1074
1075  <sect1 xml:id="upgrade">
1076    <title>Upgrading from Previous Releases of &os;</title>
1077
1078    <para arch="amd64,i386">Binary upgrades between RELEASE versions
1079      (and snapshots of the various security branches) are supported
1080      using the &man.freebsd-update.8; utility.  The binary upgrade
1081      procedure will update unmodified userland utilities, as well as
1082      unmodified GENERIC or SMP kernels distributed as a part of an
1083      official &os; release.  The &man.freebsd-update.8; utility
1084      requires that the host being upgraded have Internet
1085      connectivity.</para>
1086
1087    <para>Source-based upgrades (those based on recompiling the &os;
1088      base system from source code) from previous versions are
1089      supported, according to the instructions in
1090      <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename>.</para>
1091
1092    <important>
1093      <para>Upgrading &os; should only be attempted after
1094	backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration
1095	files.</para>
1096    </important>
1097  </sect1>
1098</article>
1099