xref: /freebsd-10-stable/etc/rc.initdiskless

#!/bin/sh
#
# Copyright (c) 1999  Matt Dillon
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
# ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
# ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
# OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
# HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
# OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
# SUCH DAMAGE.
#
# $FreeBSD: stable/10/etc/rc.initdiskless 340612 2018-11-19 06:39:00Z eugen $

# On entry to this script the entire system consists of a read-only root
# mounted via NFS. The kernel has run BOOTP and configured an interface
# (otherwise it would not have been able to mount the NFS root!)
#
# We use the contents of /conf to create and populate memory filesystems
# that are mounted on top of this root to implement the writable
# (and host-specific) parts of the root filesystem, and other volatile
# filesystems.
#
# The hierarchy in /conf has the form /conf/T/M/ where M are directories
# for which memory filesystems will be created and filled,
# and T is one of the "template" directories below:
#
#  base		universal base, typically a replica of the original root;
#  default	secondary universal base, typically overriding some
#		of the files in the original root;
#  ${ipba}	where ${ipba} is the assigned broadcast IP address
#  bcast/${ipba} same as above
#  ${class}	where ${class} is a list of directories supplied by
#		bootp/dhcp through the T134 option.
#		${ipba} and ${class} are typically used to configure features
#		for group of diskless clients, or even individual features;
#  ${ip}	where ${ip} is the machine's assigned IP address, typically
#		used to set host-specific features;
#  ip/${ip}	same as above
#
# Template directories are scanned in the order they are listed above,
# with each successive directory overriding (merged into) the previous one;
# non-existing directories are ignored.  The subdirectory forms exist to
# help keep the top level /conf manageable in large installations.
#
# The existence of a directory /conf/T/M causes this script to create a
# memory filesystem mounted as /M on the client.
#
# Some files in /conf have special meaning, namely:
#
# Filename	Action
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# /conf/T/M/remount
#		The contents of the file is a mount command. E.g. if
# 		/conf/1.2.3.4/foo/remount contains "mount -o ro /dev/ad0s3",
#		then /dev/ad0s3 will be be mounted on /conf/1.2.3.4/foo/
#
# /conf/T/M/remount_optional
#		If this file exists, then failure to execute the mount
#		command contained in /conf/T/M/remount is non-fatal.
#
# /conf/T/M/remount_subdir
#		If this file exists, then the behaviour of /conf/T/M/remount
#		changes as follows:
#		 1. /conf/T/M/remount is invoked to mount the root of the
#		    filesystem where the configuration data exists on a
#		    temporary mountpoint.
#		 2. /conf/T/M/remount_subdir is then invoked to mount a
#		    *subdirectory* of the filesystem mounted by
#		    /conf/T/M/remount on /conf/T/M/.
#
# /conf/T/M/diskless_remount
#		The contents of the file points to an NFS filesystem,
#		possibly followed by mount_nfs options. If the server name
#		is omitted, the script will prepend the root path used when
#		booting. E.g. if you booted from foo.com:/path/to/root,
#		an entry for /conf/base/etc/diskless_remount could be any of
#			foo.com:/path/to/root/etc
#			/etc -o ro
#		Because mount_nfs understands ".." in paths, it is
#		possible to mount from locations above the NFS root with
#		paths such as "/../../etc".
#
# /conf/T/M/md_size
#		The contents of the file specifies the size of the memory
#		filesystem to be created, in 512 byte blocks.
#		The default size is 10240 blocks (5MB). E.g. if
#		/conf/base/etc/md_size contains "30000" then a 15MB MFS
#		will be created. In case of multiple entries for the same
#		directory M, the last one in the scanning order is used.
#		NOTE: If you only need to create a memory filesystem but not
#		initialize it from a template, it is preferable to specify
#		it in fstab e.g. as  "md /tmp mfs -s=30m,rw 0 0"
#
# /conf/T/SUBDIR.cpio.gz
#		The file is cpio'd into /SUBDIR (and a memory filesystem is
#		created for /SUBDIR if necessary). The presence of this file
#		prevents the copy from /conf/T/SUBDIR/
#
# /conf/T/M/extract
#		This is alternative to SUBDIR.cpio.gz and remount.
#		Similar to remount case, a memory filesystem is created
#		for /M and initialized from a template but no mounting
#		performed. Instead, this file is run passing /M as singe
#		argument. It is expected to extract template override to /M
#		using auxiliary storage found in some embedded systems
#		having NVRAM too small to hold mountable file system.
#
# /conf/T/SUBDIR.remove
#		The list of paths contained in the file are rm -rf'd
#		relative to /SUBDIR.
#
# /conf/diskless_remount
#		Similar to /conf/T/M/diskless_remount above, but allows
#		all of /conf to be remounted.  This can be used to allow
#		multiple roots to share the same /conf.
#
#
# You will almost universally want to create the following files under /conf
#
# File					Content
# ----------------------------		----------------------------------
# /conf/base/etc/md_size		size of /etc filesystem
# /conf/base/etc/diskless_remount	"/etc"
# /conf/default/etc/rc.conf		generic diskless config parameters
# /conf/default/etc/fstab		generic diskless fstab e.g. like this
#
#	foo:/root_part			/	nfs	ro		0 0
#	foo:/usr_part			/usr	nfs     ro		0 0
#	foo:/home_part			/home   nfs     rw      	0 0
#	md				/tmp	mfs     -s=30m,rw	0 0
#	md				/var	mfs	-s=30m,rw	0 0
#	proc				/proc	procfs	rw		0 0
#
# plus, possibly, overrides for password files etc.
#
# NOTE!  /var, /tmp, and /dev will be typically created elsewhere, e.g.
# as entries in the fstab as above.
# Those filesystems should not be specified in /conf.
#
# (end of documentation, now get to the real code)

dlv=`/sbin/sysctl -n vfs.nfs.diskless_valid 2> /dev/null`

# DEBUGGING
# log something on stdout if verbose.
o_verbose=0     # set to 1 or 2 if you want more debugging
log() {
    [ ${o_verbose} -gt 0 ] && echo "*** $* ***"
    [ ${o_verbose} -gt 1 ] && read -p "=== Press enter to continue" foo
}

# chkerr:
#
# Routine to check for error
#
#	checks error code and drops into shell on failure.
#	if shell exits, terminates script as well as /etc/rc.
#	if remount_optional exists under the mountpoint, skip this check.
#
chkerr() {
    lastitem () ( n=$(($# - 1)) ; shift $n ; echo $1 )
    mountpoint="$(lastitem $2)"
    [ -r $mountpoint/remount_optional ] && ( echo "$2 failed: ignoring due to remount_optional" ; return )
    case $1 in
    0)
	;;
    *)
	echo "$2 failed: dropping into /bin/sh"
	/bin/sh
	# RESUME
	;;
    esac
}

# The list of filesystems to umount after the copy
to_umount=""

handle_remount() { # $1 = mount point
    local nfspt mountopts b
    b=$1
    log handle_remount $1
    [ -d $b -a -f $b/diskless_remount ] || return
    read nfspt mountopts < $b/diskless_remount
    log "nfspt ${nfspt} mountopts ${mountopts}"
    # prepend the nfs root if not present
    [ `expr "$nfspt" : '\(.\)'` = "/" ] && nfspt="${nfsroot}${nfspt}"
    mount_nfs $mountopts $nfspt $b
    chkerr $? "mount_nfs $nfspt $b"
    to_umount="$b ${to_umount}"
}

# Create a generic memory disk
#
mount_md() {
    /sbin/mdmfs -S -i 4096 -s $1 -M md $2
}

# Create the memory filesystem if it has not already been created
#
create_md() {
	[ "x`eval echo \\$md_created_$1`" = "x" ] || return # only once
	if [ "x`eval echo \\$md_size_$1`" = "x" ]; then
	    md_size=10240
	else
	    md_size=`eval echo \\$md_size_$1`
	fi
	log create_md $1 with size $md_size
	mount_md $md_size /$1
	/bin/chmod 755 /$1
	eval md_created_$1=created
}

# DEBUGGING
#
# set -v

# Figure out our interface and IP.
#
bootp_ifc=""
bootp_ipa=""
bootp_ipbca=""
class=""
if [ ${dlv:=0} -ne 0 ] ; then
	iflist=`ifconfig -l`
	for i in ${iflist} ; do
	    set -- `ifconfig ${i}`
	    while [ $# -ge 1 ] ; do
		if [ "${bootp_ifc}" = "" -a "$1" = "inet" ] ; then
		    bootp_ifc=${i} ; bootp_ipa=${2} ; shift
		fi
		if [ "${bootp_ipbca}" = "" -a "$1" = "broadcast" ] ; then
		    bootp_ipbca=$2; shift
		fi
		shift
	    done
	    if [ "${bootp_ifc}" != "" ] ; then
		break
	    fi
	done
	# Get the values passed with the T134 bootp cookie.
	class="`/sbin/sysctl -qn kern.bootp_cookie`"

	echo "Interface ${bootp_ifc} IP-Address ${bootp_ipa} Broadcast ${bootp_ipbca} ${class}"
fi

log Figure out our NFS root path
#
set -- `mount -t nfs`
while [ $# -ge 1 ] ; do
    if [ "$2" = "on" -a "$3" = "/" ]; then
	nfsroot="$1"
	break
    fi
    shift
done

# The list of directories with template files
templates="base default"
if [ -n "${bootp_ipbca}" ]; then
	templates="${templates} ${bootp_ipbca} bcast/${bootp_ipbca}"
fi
if [ -n "${class}" ]; then
	templates="${templates} ${class}"
fi
if [ -n "${bootp_ipa}" ]; then
	templates="${templates} ${bootp_ipa} ip/${bootp_ipa}"
fi

# If /conf/diskless_remount exists, remount all of /conf.
handle_remount /conf

# Resolve templates in /conf/base, /conf/default, /conf/${bootp_ipbca},
# and /conf/${bootp_ipa}.  For each subdirectory found within these
# directories:
#
# - calculate memory filesystem sizes.  If the subdirectory (prior to
#   NFS remounting) contains the file 'md_size', the contents specified
#   in 512 byte sectors will be used to size the memory filesystem.  Otherwise
#   8192 sectors (4MB) is used.
#
# - handle NFS remounts.  If the subdirectory contains the file
#   diskless_remount, the contents of the file is NFS mounted over
#   the directory.  For example /conf/base/etc/diskless_remount
#   might contain 'myserver:/etc'.  NFS remounts allow you to avoid
#   having to dup your system directories in /conf.  Your server must
#   be sure to export those filesystems -alldirs, however.
#   If the diskless_remount file contains a string beginning with a
#   '/' it is assumed that the local nfsroot should be prepended to
#   it before attemping to the remount.  This allows the root to be
#   relocated without needing to change the remount files.
#
log "templates are ${templates}"
for i in ${templates} ; do
    for j in /conf/$i/* ; do
	[ -d $j ] || continue

	# memory filesystem size specification
	subdir=${j##*/}
	[ -f $j/md_size ] && eval md_size_$subdir=`cat $j/md_size`

	# remount. Beware, the command is in the file itself!
	if [ -f $j/remount ]; then
	    if [ -f $j/remount_subdir ]; then
		k="/conf.tmp/$i/$subdir"
		[ -d $k ] || continue

		# Mount the filesystem root where the config data is
		# on the temporary mount point.
		nfspt=`/bin/cat $j/remount`
		$nfspt $k
		chkerr $? "$nfspt $k"

		# Now use a nullfs mount to get the data where we
		# really want to see it.
		remount_subdir=`/bin/cat $j/remount_subdir`
		remount_subdir_cmd="mount -t nullfs $k/$remount_subdir"

		$remount_subdir_cmd $j
		chkerr $? "$remount_subdir_cmd $j"

		# XXX check order -- we must force $k to be unmounted
		# after j, as j depends on k.
		to_umount="$j $k ${to_umount}"
	    else
		nfspt=`/bin/cat $j/remount`
		$nfspt $j
		chkerr $? "$nfspt $j"
		to_umount="$j ${to_umount}" # XXX hope it is really a mount!
	    fi
	fi

	# NFS remount
	handle_remount $j
    done
done

# - Create all required MFS filesystems and populate them from
#   our templates.  Support both a direct template and a dir.cpio.gz
#   archive. Support for auxiliary NVRAM. Support dir.remove files containing
#   a list of relative paths to remove.
#
# The dir.cpio.gz form is there to make the copy process more efficient,
# so if the cpio archive is present, it prevents the files from dir/
# from being copied.

for i in ${templates} ; do
    for j in /conf/$i/* ; do
	subdir=${j##*/}
	if [ -d $j -a ! -f $j.cpio.gz  ]; then
	    create_md $subdir
	    cp -Rp $j/ /$subdir
	fi
    done
    for j in /conf/$i/*.cpio.gz ; do
	subdir=${j%*.cpio.gz}
	subdir=${subdir##*/}
	if [ -f $j ]; then
	    create_md $subdir
	    echo "Loading /$subdir from cpio archive $j"
	    (cd / ; /rescue/tar -xpf $j)
	fi
    done
    for j in /conf/$i/*/extract ; do
	if [ -x $j ]; then
	    subdir=${j%*/extract}
	    subdir=${subdir##*/}
	    create_md $subdir
	    echo "Loading /$subdir using auxiliary command $j"
	    $j /$subdir
	fi
    done
    for j in /conf/$i/*.remove ; do
	subdir=${j%*.remove}
	subdir=${subdir##*/}
	if [ -f $j ]; then
	    # doubly sure it is a memory disk before rm -rf'ing
	    create_md $subdir
	    (cd /$subdir; rm -rf `/bin/cat $j`)
	fi
    done
done

# umount partitions used to fill the memory filesystems
[ -n "${to_umount}" ] && umount $to_umount