misc.c revision 262566 
1/* $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.92 2013/10/14 23:28:23 djm Exp $ */
2/* $FreeBSD: stable/10/crypto/openssh/misc.c 262566 2014-02-27 17:29:02Z des $ */
3/*
4 * Copyright (c) 2000 Markus Friedl.  All rights reserved.
5 * Copyright (c) 2005,2006 Damien Miller.  All rights reserved.
6 *
7 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
8 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
9 * are met:
10 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
11 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
12 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
13 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
14 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
15 *
16 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
17 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
18 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
19 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
20 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
21 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
22 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
23 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
24 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
25 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
26 */
27
28#include "includes.h"
29
30#include <sys/types.h>
31#include <sys/ioctl.h>
32#include <sys/socket.h>
33#include <sys/param.h>
34
35#include <stdarg.h>
36#include <stdio.h>
37#include <stdlib.h>
38#include <string.h>
39#include <time.h>
40#include <unistd.h>
41
42#include <netinet/in.h>
43#include <netinet/in_systm.h>
44#include <netinet/ip.h>
45#include <netinet/tcp.h>
46
47#include <ctype.h>
48#include <errno.h>
49#include <fcntl.h>
50#include <netdb.h>
51#ifdef HAVE_PATHS_H
52# include <paths.h>
53#include <pwd.h>
54#endif
55#ifdef SSH_TUN_OPENBSD
56#include <net/if.h>
57#endif
58
59#include "xmalloc.h"
60#include "misc.h"
61#include "log.h"
62#include "ssh.h"
63
64/* remove newline at end of string */
65char *
66chop(char *s)
67{
68	char *t = s;
69	while (*t) {
70		if (*t == '\n' || *t == '\r') {
71			*t = '\0';
72			return s;
73		}
74		t++;
75	}
76	return s;
77
78}
79
80/* set/unset filedescriptor to non-blocking */
81int
82set_nonblock(int fd)
83{
84	int val;
85
86	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
87	if (val < 0) {
88		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL, 0): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
89		return (-1);
90	}
91	if (val & O_NONBLOCK) {
92		debug3("fd %d is O_NONBLOCK", fd);
93		return (0);
94	}
95	debug2("fd %d setting O_NONBLOCK", fd);
96	val |= O_NONBLOCK;
97	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
98		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK): %s", fd,
99		    strerror(errno));
100		return (-1);
101	}
102	return (0);
103}
104
105int
106unset_nonblock(int fd)
107{
108	int val;
109
110	val = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
111	if (val < 0) {
112		error("fcntl(%d, F_GETFL, 0): %s", fd, strerror(errno));
113		return (-1);
114	}
115	if (!(val & O_NONBLOCK)) {
116		debug3("fd %d is not O_NONBLOCK", fd);
117		return (0);
118	}
119	debug("fd %d clearing O_NONBLOCK", fd);
120	val &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
121	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, val) == -1) {
122		debug("fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, ~O_NONBLOCK): %s",
123		    fd, strerror(errno));
124		return (-1);
125	}
126	return (0);
127}
128
129const char *
130ssh_gai_strerror(int gaierr)
131{
132	if (gaierr == EAI_SYSTEM && errno != 0)
133		return strerror(errno);
134	return gai_strerror(gaierr);
135}
136
137/* disable nagle on socket */
138void
139set_nodelay(int fd)
140{
141	int opt;
142	socklen_t optlen;
143
144	optlen = sizeof opt;
145	if (getsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, &optlen) == -1) {
146		debug("getsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
147		return;
148	}
149	if (opt == 1) {
150		debug2("fd %d is TCP_NODELAY", fd);
151		return;
152	}
153	opt = 1;
154	debug2("fd %d setting TCP_NODELAY", fd);
155	if (setsockopt(fd, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &opt, sizeof opt) == -1)
156		error("setsockopt TCP_NODELAY: %.100s", strerror(errno));
157}
158
159/* Characters considered whitespace in strsep calls. */
160#define WHITESPACE " \t\r\n"
161#define QUOTE	"\""
162
163/* return next token in configuration line */
164char *
165strdelim(char **s)
166{
167	char *old;
168	int wspace = 0;
169
170	if (*s == NULL)
171		return NULL;
172
173	old = *s;
174
175	*s = strpbrk(*s, WHITESPACE QUOTE "=");
176	if (*s == NULL)
177		return (old);
178
179	if (*s[0] == '\"') {
180		memmove(*s, *s + 1, strlen(*s)); /* move nul too */
181		/* Find matching quote */
182		if ((*s = strpbrk(*s, QUOTE)) == NULL) {
183			return (NULL);		/* no matching quote */
184		} else {
185			*s[0] = '\0';
186			*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
187			return (old);
188		}
189	}
190
191	/* Allow only one '=' to be skipped */
192	if (*s[0] == '=')
193		wspace = 1;
194	*s[0] = '\0';
195
196	/* Skip any extra whitespace after first token */
197	*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
198	if (*s[0] == '=' && !wspace)
199		*s += strspn(*s + 1, WHITESPACE) + 1;
200
201	return (old);
202}
203
204struct passwd *
205pwcopy(struct passwd *pw)
206{
207	struct passwd *copy = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*copy));
208
209	copy->pw_name = xstrdup(pw->pw_name);
210	copy->pw_passwd = xstrdup(pw->pw_passwd);
211#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_GECOS
212	copy->pw_gecos = xstrdup(pw->pw_gecos);
213#endif
214	copy->pw_uid = pw->pw_uid;
215	copy->pw_gid = pw->pw_gid;
216#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_EXPIRE
217	copy->pw_expire = pw->pw_expire;
218#endif
219#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CHANGE
220	copy->pw_change = pw->pw_change;
221#endif
222#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_PASSWD_PW_CLASS
223	copy->pw_class = xstrdup(pw->pw_class);
224#endif
225	copy->pw_dir = xstrdup(pw->pw_dir);
226	copy->pw_shell = xstrdup(pw->pw_shell);
227	return copy;
228}
229
230/*
231 * Convert ASCII string to TCP/IP port number.
232 * Port must be >=0 and <=65535.
233 * Return -1 if invalid.
234 */
235int
236a2port(const char *s)
237{
238	long long port;
239	const char *errstr;
240
241	port = strtonum(s, 0, 65535, &errstr);
242	if (errstr != NULL)
243		return -1;
244	return (int)port;
245}
246
247int
248a2tun(const char *s, int *remote)
249{
250	const char *errstr = NULL;
251	char *sp, *ep;
252	int tun;
253
254	if (remote != NULL) {
255		*remote = SSH_TUNID_ANY;
256		sp = xstrdup(s);
257		if ((ep = strchr(sp, ':')) == NULL) {
258			free(sp);
259			return (a2tun(s, NULL));
260		}
261		ep[0] = '\0'; ep++;
262		*remote = a2tun(ep, NULL);
263		tun = a2tun(sp, NULL);
264		free(sp);
265		return (*remote == SSH_TUNID_ERR ? *remote : tun);
266	}
267
268	if (strcasecmp(s, "any") == 0)
269		return (SSH_TUNID_ANY);
270
271	tun = strtonum(s, 0, SSH_TUNID_MAX, &errstr);
272	if (errstr != NULL)
273		return (SSH_TUNID_ERR);
274
275	return (tun);
276}
277
278#define SECONDS		1
279#define MINUTES		(SECONDS * 60)
280#define HOURS		(MINUTES * 60)
281#define DAYS		(HOURS * 24)
282#define WEEKS		(DAYS * 7)
283
284/*
285 * Convert a time string into seconds; format is
286 * a sequence of:
287 *      time[qualifier]
288 *
289 * Valid time qualifiers are:
290 *      <none>  seconds
291 *      s|S     seconds
292 *      m|M     minutes
293 *      h|H     hours
294 *      d|D     days
295 *      w|W     weeks
296 *
297 * Examples:
298 *      90m     90 minutes
299 *      1h30m   90 minutes
300 *      2d      2 days
301 *      1w      1 week
302 *
303 * Return -1 if time string is invalid.
304 */
305long
306convtime(const char *s)
307{
308	long total, secs;
309	const char *p;
310	char *endp;
311
312	errno = 0;
313	total = 0;
314	p = s;
315
316	if (p == NULL || *p == '\0')
317		return -1;
318
319	while (*p) {
320		secs = strtol(p, &endp, 10);
321		if (p == endp ||
322		    (errno == ERANGE && (secs == LONG_MIN || secs == LONG_MAX)) ||
323		    secs < 0)
324			return -1;
325
326		switch (*endp++) {
327		case '\0':
328			endp--;
329			break;
330		case 's':
331		case 'S':
332			break;
333		case 'm':
334		case 'M':
335			secs *= MINUTES;
336			break;
337		case 'h':
338		case 'H':
339			secs *= HOURS;
340			break;
341		case 'd':
342		case 'D':
343			secs *= DAYS;
344			break;
345		case 'w':
346		case 'W':
347			secs *= WEEKS;
348			break;
349		default:
350			return -1;
351		}
352		total += secs;
353		if (total < 0)
354			return -1;
355		p = endp;
356	}
357
358	return total;
359}
360
361/*
362 * Returns a standardized host+port identifier string.
363 * Caller must free returned string.
364 */
365char *
366put_host_port(const char *host, u_short port)
367{
368	char *hoststr;
369
370	if (port == 0 || port == SSH_DEFAULT_PORT)
371		return(xstrdup(host));
372	if (asprintf(&hoststr, "[%s]:%d", host, (int)port) < 0)
373		fatal("put_host_port: asprintf: %s", strerror(errno));
374	debug3("put_host_port: %s", hoststr);
375	return hoststr;
376}
377
378/*
379 * Search for next delimiter between hostnames/addresses and ports.
380 * Argument may be modified (for termination).
381 * Returns *cp if parsing succeeds.
382 * *cp is set to the start of the next delimiter, if one was found.
383 * If this is the last field, *cp is set to NULL.
384 */
385char *
386hpdelim(char **cp)
387{
388	char *s, *old;
389
390	if (cp == NULL || *cp == NULL)
391		return NULL;
392
393	old = s = *cp;
394	if (*s == '[') {
395		if ((s = strchr(s, ']')) == NULL)
396			return NULL;
397		else
398			s++;
399	} else if ((s = strpbrk(s, ":/")) == NULL)
400		s = *cp + strlen(*cp); /* skip to end (see first case below) */
401
402	switch (*s) {
403	case '\0':
404		*cp = NULL;	/* no more fields*/
405		break;
406
407	case ':':
408	case '/':
409		*s = '\0';	/* terminate */
410		*cp = s + 1;
411		break;
412
413	default:
414		return NULL;
415	}
416
417	return old;
418}
419
420char *
421cleanhostname(char *host)
422{
423	if (*host == '[' && host[strlen(host) - 1] == ']') {
424		host[strlen(host) - 1] = '\0';
425		return (host + 1);
426	} else
427		return host;
428}
429
430char *
431colon(char *cp)
432{
433	int flag = 0;
434
435	if (*cp == ':')		/* Leading colon is part of file name. */
436		return NULL;
437	if (*cp == '[')
438		flag = 1;
439
440	for (; *cp; ++cp) {
441		if (*cp == '@' && *(cp+1) == '[')
442			flag = 1;
443		if (*cp == ']' && *(cp+1) == ':' && flag)
444			return (cp+1);
445		if (*cp == ':' && !flag)
446			return (cp);
447		if (*cp == '/')
448			return NULL;
449	}
450	return NULL;
451}
452
453/* function to assist building execv() arguments */
454void
455addargs(arglist *args, char *fmt, ...)
456{
457	va_list ap;
458	char *cp;
459	u_int nalloc;
460	int r;
461
462	va_start(ap, fmt);
463	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
464	va_end(ap);
465	if (r == -1)
466		fatal("addargs: argument too long");
467
468	nalloc = args->nalloc;
469	if (args->list == NULL) {
470		nalloc = 32;
471		args->num = 0;
472	} else if (args->num+2 >= nalloc)
473		nalloc *= 2;
474
475	args->list = xrealloc(args->list, nalloc, sizeof(char *));
476	args->nalloc = nalloc;
477	args->list[args->num++] = cp;
478	args->list[args->num] = NULL;
479}
480
481void
482replacearg(arglist *args, u_int which, char *fmt, ...)
483{
484	va_list ap;
485	char *cp;
486	int r;
487
488	va_start(ap, fmt);
489	r = vasprintf(&cp, fmt, ap);
490	va_end(ap);
491	if (r == -1)
492		fatal("replacearg: argument too long");
493
494	if (which >= args->num)
495		fatal("replacearg: tried to replace invalid arg %d >= %d",
496		    which, args->num);
497	free(args->list[which]);
498	args->list[which] = cp;
499}
500
501void
502freeargs(arglist *args)
503{
504	u_int i;
505
506	if (args->list != NULL) {
507		for (i = 0; i < args->num; i++)
508			free(args->list[i]);
509		free(args->list);
510		args->nalloc = args->num = 0;
511		args->list = NULL;
512	}
513}
514
515/*
516 * Expands tildes in the file name.  Returns data allocated by xmalloc.
517 * Warning: this calls getpw*.
518 */
519char *
520tilde_expand_filename(const char *filename, uid_t uid)
521{
522	const char *path, *sep;
523	char user[128], *ret;
524	struct passwd *pw;
525	u_int len, slash;
526
527	if (*filename != '~')
528		return (xstrdup(filename));
529	filename++;
530
531	path = strchr(filename, '/');
532	if (path != NULL && path > filename) {		/* ~user/path */
533		slash = path - filename;
534		if (slash > sizeof(user) - 1)
535			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: ~username too long");
536		memcpy(user, filename, slash);
537		user[slash] = '\0';
538		if ((pw = getpwnam(user)) == NULL)
539			fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such user %s", user);
540	} else if ((pw = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL)	/* ~/path */
541		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: No such uid %ld", (long)uid);
542
543	/* Make sure directory has a trailing '/' */
544	len = strlen(pw->pw_dir);
545	if (len == 0 || pw->pw_dir[len - 1] != '/')
546		sep = "/";
547	else
548		sep = "";
549
550	/* Skip leading '/' from specified path */
551	if (path != NULL)
552		filename = path + 1;
553
554	if (xasprintf(&ret, "%s%s%s", pw->pw_dir, sep, filename) >= MAXPATHLEN)
555		fatal("tilde_expand_filename: Path too long");
556
557	return (ret);
558}
559
560/*
561 * Expand a string with a set of %[char] escapes. A number of escapes may be
562 * specified as (char *escape_chars, char *replacement) pairs. The list must
563 * be terminated by a NULL escape_char. Returns replaced string in memory
564 * allocated by xmalloc.
565 */
566char *
567percent_expand(const char *string, ...)
568{
569#define EXPAND_MAX_KEYS	16
570	u_int num_keys, i, j;
571	struct {
572		const char *key;
573		const char *repl;
574	} keys[EXPAND_MAX_KEYS];
575	char buf[4096];
576	va_list ap;
577
578	/* Gather keys */
579	va_start(ap, string);
580	for (num_keys = 0; num_keys < EXPAND_MAX_KEYS; num_keys++) {
581		keys[num_keys].key = va_arg(ap, char *);
582		if (keys[num_keys].key == NULL)
583			break;
584		keys[num_keys].repl = va_arg(ap, char *);
585		if (keys[num_keys].repl == NULL)
586			fatal("%s: NULL replacement", __func__);
587	}
588	if (num_keys == EXPAND_MAX_KEYS && va_arg(ap, char *) != NULL)
589		fatal("%s: too many keys", __func__);
590	va_end(ap);
591
592	/* Expand string */
593	*buf = '\0';
594	for (i = 0; *string != '\0'; string++) {
595		if (*string != '%') {
596 append:
597			buf[i++] = *string;
598			if (i >= sizeof(buf))
599				fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
600			buf[i] = '\0';
601			continue;
602		}
603		string++;
604		/* %% case */
605		if (*string == '%')
606			goto append;
607		for (j = 0; j < num_keys; j++) {
608			if (strchr(keys[j].key, *string) != NULL) {
609				i = strlcat(buf, keys[j].repl, sizeof(buf));
610				if (i >= sizeof(buf))
611					fatal("%s: string too long", __func__);
612				break;
613			}
614		}
615		if (j >= num_keys)
616			fatal("%s: unknown key %%%c", __func__, *string);
617	}
618	return (xstrdup(buf));
619#undef EXPAND_MAX_KEYS
620}
621
622/*
623 * Read an entire line from a public key file into a static buffer, discarding
624 * lines that exceed the buffer size.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
625 */
626int
627read_keyfile_line(FILE *f, const char *filename, char *buf, size_t bufsz,
628   u_long *lineno)
629{
630	while (fgets(buf, bufsz, f) != NULL) {
631		if (buf[0] == '\0')
632			continue;
633		(*lineno)++;
634		if (buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n' || feof(f)) {
635			return 0;
636		} else {
637			debug("%s: %s line %lu exceeds size limit", __func__,
638			    filename, *lineno);
639			/* discard remainder of line */
640			while (fgetc(f) != '\n' && !feof(f))
641				;	/* nothing */
642		}
643	}
644	return -1;
645}
646
647int
648tun_open(int tun, int mode)
649{
650#if defined(CUSTOM_SYS_TUN_OPEN)
651	return (sys_tun_open(tun, mode));
652#elif defined(SSH_TUN_OPENBSD)
653	struct ifreq ifr;
654	char name[100];
655	int fd = -1, sock;
656
657	/* Open the tunnel device */
658	if (tun <= SSH_TUNID_MAX) {
659		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/tun%d", tun);
660		fd = open(name, O_RDWR);
661	} else if (tun == SSH_TUNID_ANY) {
662		for (tun = 100; tun >= 0; tun--) {
663			snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "/dev/tun%d", tun);
664			if ((fd = open(name, O_RDWR)) >= 0)
665				break;
666		}
667	} else {
668		debug("%s: invalid tunnel %u", __func__, tun);
669		return (-1);
670	}
671
672	if (fd < 0) {
673		debug("%s: %s open failed: %s", __func__, name, strerror(errno));
674		return (-1);
675	}
676
677	debug("%s: %s mode %d fd %d", __func__, name, mode, fd);
678
679	/* Set the tunnel device operation mode */
680	snprintf(ifr.ifr_name, sizeof(ifr.ifr_name), "tun%d", tun);
681	if ((sock = socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
682		goto failed;
683
684	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
685		goto failed;
686
687	/* Set interface mode */
688	ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
689	if (mode == SSH_TUNMODE_ETHERNET)
690		ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_LINK0;
691	else
692		ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_LINK0;
693	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
694		goto failed;
695
696	/* Bring interface up */
697	ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
698	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) == -1)
699		goto failed;
700
701	close(sock);
702	return (fd);
703
704 failed:
705	if (fd >= 0)
706		close(fd);
707	if (sock >= 0)
708		close(sock);
709	debug("%s: failed to set %s mode %d: %s", __func__, name,
710	    mode, strerror(errno));
711	return (-1);
712#else
713	error("Tunnel interfaces are not supported on this platform");
714	return (-1);
715#endif
716}
717
718void
719sanitise_stdfd(void)
720{
721	int nullfd, dupfd;
722
723	if ((nullfd = dupfd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR)) == -1) {
724		fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open /dev/null: %s\n",
725		    strerror(errno));
726		exit(1);
727	}
728	while (++dupfd <= 2) {
729		/* Only clobber closed fds */
730		if (fcntl(dupfd, F_GETFL, 0) >= 0)
731			continue;
732		if (dup2(nullfd, dupfd) == -1) {
733			fprintf(stderr, "dup2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
734			exit(1);
735		}
736	}
737	if (nullfd > 2)
738		close(nullfd);
739}
740
741char *
742tohex(const void *vp, size_t l)
743{
744	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
745	char b[3], *r;
746	size_t i, hl;
747
748	if (l > 65536)
749		return xstrdup("tohex: length > 65536");
750
751	hl = l * 2 + 1;
752	r = xcalloc(1, hl);
753	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
754		snprintf(b, sizeof(b), "%02x", p[i]);
755		strlcat(r, b, hl);
756	}
757	return (r);
758}
759
760u_int64_t
761get_u64(const void *vp)
762{
763	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
764	u_int64_t v;
765
766	v  = (u_int64_t)p[0] << 56;
767	v |= (u_int64_t)p[1] << 48;
768	v |= (u_int64_t)p[2] << 40;
769	v |= (u_int64_t)p[3] << 32;
770	v |= (u_int64_t)p[4] << 24;
771	v |= (u_int64_t)p[5] << 16;
772	v |= (u_int64_t)p[6] << 8;
773	v |= (u_int64_t)p[7];
774
775	return (v);
776}
777
778u_int32_t
779get_u32(const void *vp)
780{
781	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
782	u_int32_t v;
783
784	v  = (u_int32_t)p[0] << 24;
785	v |= (u_int32_t)p[1] << 16;
786	v |= (u_int32_t)p[2] << 8;
787	v |= (u_int32_t)p[3];
788
789	return (v);
790}
791
792u_int16_t
793get_u16(const void *vp)
794{
795	const u_char *p = (const u_char *)vp;
796	u_int16_t v;
797
798	v  = (u_int16_t)p[0] << 8;
799	v |= (u_int16_t)p[1];
800
801	return (v);
802}
803
804void
805put_u64(void *vp, u_int64_t v)
806{
807	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
808
809	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 56) & 0xff;
810	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 48) & 0xff;
811	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 40) & 0xff;
812	p[3] = (u_char)(v >> 32) & 0xff;
813	p[4] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
814	p[5] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
815	p[6] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
816	p[7] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
817}
818
819void
820put_u32(void *vp, u_int32_t v)
821{
822	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
823
824	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 24) & 0xff;
825	p[1] = (u_char)(v >> 16) & 0xff;
826	p[2] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
827	p[3] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
828}
829
830
831void
832put_u16(void *vp, u_int16_t v)
833{
834	u_char *p = (u_char *)vp;
835
836	p[0] = (u_char)(v >> 8) & 0xff;
837	p[1] = (u_char)v & 0xff;
838}
839
840void
841ms_subtract_diff(struct timeval *start, int *ms)
842{
843	struct timeval diff, finish;
844
845	gettimeofday(&finish, NULL);
846	timersub(&finish, start, &diff);
847	*ms -= (diff.tv_sec * 1000) + (diff.tv_usec / 1000);
848}
849
850void
851ms_to_timeval(struct timeval *tv, int ms)
852{
853	if (ms < 0)
854		ms = 0;
855	tv->tv_sec = ms / 1000;
856	tv->tv_usec = (ms % 1000) * 1000;
857}
858
859time_t
860monotime(void)
861{
862#if defined(HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME) && defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
863	struct timespec ts;
864	static int gettime_failed = 0;
865
866	if (!gettime_failed) {
867		if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) == 0)
868			return (ts.tv_sec);
869		debug3("clock_gettime: %s", strerror(errno));
870		gettime_failed = 1;
871	}
872#endif
873
874	return time(NULL);
875}
876
877void
878bandwidth_limit_init(struct bwlimit *bw, u_int64_t kbps, size_t buflen)
879{
880	bw->buflen = buflen;
881	bw->rate = kbps;
882	bw->thresh = bw->rate;
883	bw->lamt = 0;
884	timerclear(&bw->bwstart);
885	timerclear(&bw->bwend);
886}
887
888/* Callback from read/write loop to insert bandwidth-limiting delays */
889void
890bandwidth_limit(struct bwlimit *bw, size_t read_len)
891{
892	u_int64_t waitlen;
893	struct timespec ts, rm;
894
895	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwstart)) {
896		gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
897		return;
898	}
899
900	bw->lamt += read_len;
901	if (bw->lamt < bw->thresh)
902		return;
903
904	gettimeofday(&bw->bwend, NULL);
905	timersub(&bw->bwend, &bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend);
906	if (!timerisset(&bw->bwend))
907		return;
908
909	bw->lamt *= 8;
910	waitlen = (double)1000000L * bw->lamt / bw->rate;
911
912	bw->bwstart.tv_sec = waitlen / 1000000L;
913	bw->bwstart.tv_usec = waitlen % 1000000L;
914
915	if (timercmp(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, >)) {
916		timersub(&bw->bwstart, &bw->bwend, &bw->bwend);
917
918		/* Adjust the wait time */
919		if (bw->bwend.tv_sec) {
920			bw->thresh /= 2;
921			if (bw->thresh < bw->buflen / 4)
922				bw->thresh = bw->buflen / 4;
923		} else if (bw->bwend.tv_usec < 10000) {
924			bw->thresh *= 2;
925			if (bw->thresh > bw->buflen * 8)
926				bw->thresh = bw->buflen * 8;
927		}
928
929		TIMEVAL_TO_TIMESPEC(&bw->bwend, &ts);
930		while (nanosleep(&ts, &rm) == -1) {
931			if (errno != EINTR)
932				break;
933			ts = rm;
934		}
935	}
936
937	bw->lamt = 0;
938	gettimeofday(&bw->bwstart, NULL);
939}
940
941/* Make a template filename for mk[sd]temp() */
942void
943mktemp_proto(char *s, size_t len)
944{
945	const char *tmpdir;
946	int r;
947
948	if ((tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR")) != NULL) {
949		r = snprintf(s, len, "%s/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX", tmpdir);
950		if (r > 0 && (size_t)r < len)
951			return;
952	}
953	r = snprintf(s, len, "/tmp/ssh-XXXXXXXXXXXX");
954	if (r < 0 || (size_t)r >= len)
955		fatal("%s: template string too short", __func__);
956}
957
958static const struct {
959	const char *name;
960	int value;
961} ipqos[] = {
962	{ "af11", IPTOS_DSCP_AF11 },
963	{ "af12", IPTOS_DSCP_AF12 },
964	{ "af13", IPTOS_DSCP_AF13 },
965	{ "af21", IPTOS_DSCP_AF21 },
966	{ "af22", IPTOS_DSCP_AF22 },
967	{ "af23", IPTOS_DSCP_AF23 },
968	{ "af31", IPTOS_DSCP_AF31 },
969	{ "af32", IPTOS_DSCP_AF32 },
970	{ "af33", IPTOS_DSCP_AF33 },
971	{ "af41", IPTOS_DSCP_AF41 },
972	{ "af42", IPTOS_DSCP_AF42 },
973	{ "af43", IPTOS_DSCP_AF43 },
974	{ "cs0", IPTOS_DSCP_CS0 },
975	{ "cs1", IPTOS_DSCP_CS1 },
976	{ "cs2", IPTOS_DSCP_CS2 },
977	{ "cs3", IPTOS_DSCP_CS3 },
978	{ "cs4", IPTOS_DSCP_CS4 },
979	{ "cs5", IPTOS_DSCP_CS5 },
980	{ "cs6", IPTOS_DSCP_CS6 },
981	{ "cs7", IPTOS_DSCP_CS7 },
982	{ "ef", IPTOS_DSCP_EF },
983	{ "lowdelay", IPTOS_LOWDELAY },
984	{ "throughput", IPTOS_THROUGHPUT },
985	{ "reliability", IPTOS_RELIABILITY },
986	{ NULL, -1 }
987};
988
989int
990parse_ipqos(const char *cp)
991{
992	u_int i;
993	char *ep;
994	long val;
995
996	if (cp == NULL)
997		return -1;
998	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
999		if (strcasecmp(cp, ipqos[i].name) == 0)
1000			return ipqos[i].value;
1001	}
1002	/* Try parsing as an integer */
1003	val = strtol(cp, &ep, 0);
1004	if (*cp == '\0' || *ep != '\0' || val < 0 || val > 255)
1005		return -1;
1006	return val;
1007}
1008
1009const char *
1010iptos2str(int iptos)
1011{
1012	int i;
1013	static char iptos_str[sizeof "0xff"];
1014
1015	for (i = 0; ipqos[i].name != NULL; i++) {
1016		if (ipqos[i].value == iptos)
1017			return ipqos[i].name;
1018	}
1019	snprintf(iptos_str, sizeof iptos_str, "0x%02x", iptos);
1020	return iptos_str;
1021}
1022
1023void
1024lowercase(char *s)
1025{
1026	for (; *s; s++)
1027		*s = tolower((u_char)*s);
1028}
1029void
1030sock_set_v6only(int s)
1031{
1032#ifdef IPV6_V6ONLY
1033	int on = 1;
1034
1035	debug3("%s: set socket %d IPV6_V6ONLY", __func__, s);
1036	if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, &on, sizeof(on)) == -1)
1037		error("setsockopt IPV6_V6ONLY: %s", strerror(errno));
1038#endif
1039}
1040
1041void
1042sock_get_rcvbuf(int *size, int rcvbuf)
1043{
1044	int sock, socksize;
1045	socklen_t socksizelen = sizeof(socksize);
1046
1047	/*
1048	 * Create a socket but do not connect it.  We use it
1049	 * only to get the rcv socket size.
1050	 */
1051	sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1052	if (sock < 0)
1053		sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
1054	if (sock < 0)
1055		return;
1056
1057	/*
1058	 * If the tcp_rcv_buf option is set and passed in, attempt to set the
1059	 *  buffer size to its value.
1060	 */
1061	if (rcvbuf)
1062		setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (void *)&rcvbuf,
1063		    sizeof(rcvbuf));
1064
1065	if (getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF,
1066	    &socksize, &socksizelen) == 0)
1067		if (size != NULL)
1068			*size = socksize;
1069	close(sock);
1070}
1071