australasia revision 267477
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This file also includes Pacific islands. 6 7# Notes are at the end of this file 8 9############################################################################### 10 11# Australia 12 13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 14 15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 26 27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 28# Northern Territory 29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 30 9:00 - CST 1899 May 31 9:30 Aus CST 32# Western Australia 33# 34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 46 8:00 AW WST 47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 49 8:45 AW CWST 50 51# Queensland 52# 53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 56# Queensland ceased to. 57# 58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 62# so use Lindeman. 63# 64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 72 10:00 Aus EST 1971 73 10:00 AQ EST 74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 75 10:00 Aus EST 1971 76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 77 10:00 Holiday EST 78 79# South Australia 80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 98 9:00 - CST 1899 May 99 9:30 Aus CST 1971 100 9:30 AS CST 101 102# Tasmania 103# 104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 107# 108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 132 10:00 Aus EST 1967 133 10:00 AT EST 134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 138 10:00 AT EST 139 140# Victoria 141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 158 10:00 Aus EST 1971 159 10:00 AV EST 160 161# New South Wales 162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AN EST 183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 185 9:00 - CST 1899 May 186 9:30 Aus CST 1971 187 9:30 AN CST 2000 188 9:30 AS CST 189 190# Lord Howe Island 191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 208 10:30 LH LHST 209 210# Australian miscellany 211# 212# Ashmore Is, Cartier 213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 214# no times are set 215# 216# Coral Sea Is 217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 218# no times are set 219# 220# Macquarie 221# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 222# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 223# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 225# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 226# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 227# 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 229# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 230# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 231# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 232# on 4 April. 233# 234# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 235# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 236# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 237# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 238# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 239Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 240 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 241 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 242 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 243 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 244 10:00 Aus EST 1967 245 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 246 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 247 248# Christmas 249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 250Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 252 253# Cocos (Keeling) Is 254# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 255# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 258 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 259 260 261# Fiji 262 263# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 264 265# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 266# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 267# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 268# 269# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 270# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 271# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 272# </a> 273# or 274# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 275# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 276# </a> 277 278# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 279# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 280# amendments: 281# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 282# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 283# </a> 284 285# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 286# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 287# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 288# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 289# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 290# 291# Official source: 292# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 293# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 294# </a> 295# 296# A bit more background info here: 297# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 298# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 299# </a> 300 301# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 302# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 303# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 304# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 305# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 306# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 307# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 308# </a> 309# or 310# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 311# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 312# </a> 313 314# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 315# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 316# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 317# 318# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 319# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 320# </a> 321# which says 322# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 323# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 324# 2am on February 26 next year. 325 326# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 327# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 328# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 329# 330# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 331# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 332# </a> 333# states: 334# 335# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 336# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 337# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 338# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 339 340# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 341# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 342# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 343# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 344# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 345 346# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 347# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 348# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 349# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 350 351# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 352# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 353# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 354 355# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10): 356# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 357# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January. 358# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice. 359 360# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 361Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 362Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 363Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 364Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 365Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 366Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 367Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 368Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 369# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 370Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 371 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 372 373# French Polynesia 374# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 375Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 376 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 377Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 378 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 379Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 380 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 381# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 382# it is uninhabited. 383 384# Guam 385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 386Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 387 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 388 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 389 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 390 391# Kiribati 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 394 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 395Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 396 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 397 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 398 13:00 - PHOT 399Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 400 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 401 -10:00 - LINT 1995 402 14:00 - LINT 403 404# N Mariana Is 405# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 407 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 408 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 409 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 410 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 411 412# Marshall Is 413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 414Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 415 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 416 12:00 - MHT 417Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 418 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 419 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 420 12:00 - MHT 421 422# Micronesia 423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 424Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 425 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 426Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 427 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 428Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 429 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 430 12:00 - KOST 1999 431 11:00 - KOST 432 433# Nauru 434# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 436 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 437 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 438 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 439 12:00 - NRT 440 441# New Caledonia 442# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 443Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 444Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 445Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 446# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 447Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 449Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 450 11:00 NC NC%sT 451 452 453############################################################################### 454 455# New Zealand 456 457# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 458Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 459Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 460Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 461Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 462Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 463Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 464Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 465# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 466# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 467# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 468Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 469Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 470Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 471Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 472Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 473Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 474Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 475Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 476Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 477Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 478Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 479Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 480Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 481Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 482Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 483Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 484Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 485Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 486# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 487Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 488 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 489 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 490Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 491 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 492 493Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 494 495# Auckland Is 496# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 497# and scientific personnel have wintered 498 499# Campbell I 500# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 501# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 502# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 503# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 504 505# Cook Is 506# From Shanks & Pottenger: 507# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 508Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 509Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 510Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 511# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 512Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 513 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 514 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 515 516############################################################################### 517 518 519# Niue 520# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 521Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 522 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 523 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 524 -11:00 - NUT 525 526# Norfolk 527# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 528Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 529 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 530 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 531 532# Palau (Belau) 533# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 534Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 535 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 536 537# Papua New Guinea 538# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 539Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 540 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 541 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 542 543# Pitcairn 544# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 546 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 547 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 548 549# American Samoa 550Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 551 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 552 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 553 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 554 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 555 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 556 557# Samoa 558 559# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 560# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 561# the following info: 562# 563# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 564# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 565# Sunday of April 2011." 566# 567# Background info: 568# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 569# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 570# </a> 571# 572# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 573# contain any dates: 574# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 575# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 576# </a> 577 578# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 579# Please see 580# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 581# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 582# </a>, 583# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 584# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 585# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 586# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 587 588# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 589# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 590# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 591# www.mcil.gov.ws 592# </a> 593# 594# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 595# 596# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 597# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 598# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 599# 600# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 601# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 602# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 603# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 604# 605# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 606# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 607 608# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 609# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 610# 611# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 612# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 613# </a> 614 615# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 616# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 617# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 618# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 619# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 620# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 621# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 622# 623# International Date Line Bill 2011 624# 625# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 626# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 627# Line, and for related purposes. 628# 629# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 630# assembled as follows: 631# 632# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 633# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 634# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 635# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 636# 637# [snip] 638# 639# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 640# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 641# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 642# 643# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 644# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 645# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 646# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 647# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 648# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 649# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 650# it defines Samoa standard time.... 651 652# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 653# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 654# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 655# </a> 656# 657# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 658# 659# DST 660# Year End Time Start Time 661# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 662# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 663# 664# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 665# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 666# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 667# 668# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 669# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 670# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 671# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 672# 673# From Nicky (2012-09-10): 674# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 675# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 676# 677# Please find link below for more information. 678# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 679# 680# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 681# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 682# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 683 684# Western Samoa 685# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 686Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 687Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 688# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 689Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 690 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 691 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 692 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 693 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 694 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 695 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 696 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 697 13:00 WS WS%sT 698 699# Solomon Is 700# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 702Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 703 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 704 705# Tokelau Is 706# 707# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 708# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 709# December 31 this year ... 710# 711# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 712# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 713# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 714# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 715# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 716# 717# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 718# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 719# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 720# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 721# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 722# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 723 724# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 725Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 726 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 727 13:00 - TKT 728 729# Tonga 730# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 731Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 732Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 733Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 734Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 736Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 737 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 738 13:00 - TOT 1999 739 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 740 741# Tuvalu 742# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 743Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 744 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 745 746 747# US minor outlying islands 748 749# Howland, Baker 750# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 751# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 752# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 753# uninhabited thereafter. 754# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 755# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 756# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 757# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 758# until they were abandoned after the war. 759 760# Jarvis 761# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 762# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 763# uninhabited thereafter. 764# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 765 766# Johnston 767# 768# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 769# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 770# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 771# treat it like Hawaii for now. 772# 773# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 774# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 775# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 776# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 777# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 778# 779# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 780# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 781# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 782# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 783# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 784# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 785# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 786# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976 787# <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>. 788# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 789# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 790# Minus One Hour". 791# 792# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 793 794# Kingman 795# uninhabited 796 797# Midway 798# 799# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 800# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 801# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 802# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 803# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 804# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 805# designations that I've never seen before:.... 806# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 807# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 808# 809Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 810 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 811 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 812 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 813 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 814 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 815 816# Palmyra 817# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 818 819# Wake 820# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 821Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 822 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 823 824 825# Vanuatu 826# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 827Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 828Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 829Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 830Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 831Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 832Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 833# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 834Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 835 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 836 837# Wallis and Futuna 838# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 839Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 840 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 841 842############################################################################### 843 844# NOTES 845 846# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 847# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 848# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 849 850# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 851# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 852# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 853# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 854# 855# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 856# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 857# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 858# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 859# of the IATA's data after 1990. 860# 861# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 862# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 863# 864# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 865# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 866# I found in the UCLA library. 867# 868# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 869# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 870# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 871# 872# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 873# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 874# 875# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 876# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 877# Corrections are welcome! 878# std dst 879# LMT Local Mean Time 880# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 881# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 882# 9:00 JST Japan 883# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 884# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 885# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 886# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 887# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 888# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 889# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 890# -11:00 SST Samoa 891# -10:00 HST Hawaii 892# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 893# 894# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 895# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 896 897############################################################################### 898 899# Australia 900 901# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 902# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 903# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 904# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 905 906# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 907# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 908# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 909# </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 910 911# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 912# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 913# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 914# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 915# abbreviation does _not_ change... 916# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 917# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 918# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 919# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 920# time'. 921# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 922# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 923# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 924# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 925# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 926# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 927# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 928 929# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 930# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 931# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 932# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 933# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 934 935# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 936# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 937# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 938# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 939# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 940 941# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 942# versus "AEST" etc.: 943# 944# I see the following points of dispute: 945# 946# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 947# 948# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 949# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 950# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 951# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 952# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 953# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 954# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 955# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 956# 957# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 958# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 959# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 960# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 961# 962# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 963# 964# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 965# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 966# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 967# Time, for example. 968# 969# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 970# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 971# tiebreaker. 972# 973# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 974# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 975# the word "Australian"? 976# 977# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 978# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 979# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 980# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 981# following count of page hits: 982# 983# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 984# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 985# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 986# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 987# 988# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 989# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 990# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 991# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 992# 993# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 994# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 995# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 996# are the hit counts anyway: 997# 998# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 999# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 1000# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 1001# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 1002# 1003# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 1004# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 1005# 176 "ACST" and domain:au 1006# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 1007# 1008# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 1009# 68 "AWST" and domain:au 1010# 1011# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 1012# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 1013# the ambiguities involved. 1014# 1015# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 1016# 1017# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 1018# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 1019# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 1020# understood in Australia. 1021 1022# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1023# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1024# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1025# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1026# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1027# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1028# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1029 1030# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1031# 1032# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1033# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1034# relevant entries in this database. 1035# 1036# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1037# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1038# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1039# </a> 1040# ACT 1041# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1042# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1043# </a> 1044# SA 1045# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1046# Standard Time Act, 1898 1047# </a> 1048 1049# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1050# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1051# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1052# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1053# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1054# 1055# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1056# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1057# to extend DST together in 2006. 1058# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1059# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1060# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1061# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1062# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1063# allude to it. 1064# But not Queensland 1065# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1066 1067# Northern Territory 1068 1069# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1070# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1071# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1072# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1073# ... 1074# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1075 1076# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1077# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1078# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1079 1080# Western Australia 1081 1082# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1083# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1084# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1085# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1086# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1087# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1088# # before reaching parliament. 1089# ... 1090# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1091# ... 1092# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1093# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1094# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1095# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1096 1097# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1098# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1099# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1100 1101# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1102# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1103# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1104# work at 9.00am.) 1105# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1106# everybody again. 1107 1108# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1109# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1110# it matches what was used in the past. 1111 1112# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1113# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1114# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1115# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1116 1117# Queensland 1118# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1119# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1120# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1121# ... 1122# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1123# ... 1124# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1125# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1126# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1127# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1128 1129# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1130# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1131# October 1989). 1132 1133# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1134# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1135# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1136# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1137 1138# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1139# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1140# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1141# me.) 1142 1143# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1144# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1145# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1146# ... 1147# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1148# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1149# ... 1150 1151# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1152# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1153 1154# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1155# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1156# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1157# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1158 1159# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1160# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1161# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1162# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1163# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1164# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1165# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1166# Australia and Western Australia.... 1167# 1168# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1169# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1170# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1171# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1172# 1173# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1174# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1175# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1176# coast of the continent. 1177# 1178# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1179# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1180# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1181# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1182# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1183# 1184# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1185# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1186# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1187# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1188# 1189# (2006-12-09): 1190# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1191# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1192# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1193# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1194 1195# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1196# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1197# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1198 1199 1200# southeast Australia 1201# 1202# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1203# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1204# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1205# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1206 1207 1208# South Australia 1209 1210# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1211# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1212# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1213# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1214 1215# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1216# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1217# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1218# ... 1219# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1220# ... 1221# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1222# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1223# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1224# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1225 1226# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1227# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1228# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1229# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1230 1231# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1232# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1233# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1234# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1235# is on... 1236 1237# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1238# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1239# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1240# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1241 1242# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1243# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1244# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1245# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1246 1247# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1248# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1249# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1250# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1251 1252# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1253# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1254 1255# Tasmania 1256 1257# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1258# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1259# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1260# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1261 1262# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1263# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1264# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1265# (but nothing new about that). 1266 1267# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1268# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1269# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1270# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1271# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1272# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1273 1274# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1275# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1276 1277# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1278# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1279 1280# Victoria 1281 1282# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1283# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1284# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1285# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1286 1287# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1288# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1289# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1290# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1291# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1292# in Melbourne, Australia. 1293# 1294# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1295# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1296# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1297# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1298# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1299# expected time. 1300# 1301# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1302# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1303# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1304# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1305# 1306# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1307# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1308 1309# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1310# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1311 1312# New South Wales 1313 1314# From Arthur David Olson: 1315# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1316# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1317# who notes: 1318# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1319# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1320# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1321# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1322# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1323# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1324 1325# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1326# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1327# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1328# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1329# Two months more daylight saving 1330# </a> 1331# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1332 1333# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1334# See the following official NSW source: 1335# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1336# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1337# </a> 1338# 1339# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1340# daylight saving next year. See: 1341# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1342# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1343# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1344# 1345# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1346# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1347# Vic to extend daylight saving 1348# </a> (1999-07-28). 1349# 1350# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1351# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1352# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1353# </a> (1999-07-19). 1354# 1355# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1356# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1357# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1358# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1359# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1360# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1361# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1362# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1363# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1364# 1365# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1366# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1367# Broken Hill to be behind the times 1368# </a> (1999-07-21). 1369 1370# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1371# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1372# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1373 1374# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1375# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1376# towns to use Queensland time. 1377 1378# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1379# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1380 1381# Yancowinna 1382 1383# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1384# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1385 1386# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1387# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1388# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1389# ... 1390# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1391# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1392# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1393# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1394# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1395# # presently available. 1396# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1397# ... 1398# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1399# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1400# [followed by other Rules] 1401 1402# Lord Howe Island 1403 1404# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1405# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1406# [ Dec 1990 ] 1407# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1408# hour ahead of NSW time. 1409 1410# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1411# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1412# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1413# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1414# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1415# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1416# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1417# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1418# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1419# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1420 1421# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1422# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1423# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1424# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1425# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1426# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1427 1428# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1429# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1430# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1431 1432# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1433# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1434 1435# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1436# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1437# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1438# summer (southern hemisphere). 1439# 1440# From 1441# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1442# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1443# </a> 1444# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1445# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1446# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1447# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1448# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1449# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1450# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1451# 1452# We have a wrap-up here: 1453# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1454# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1455# </a> 1456############################################################################### 1457 1458# New Zealand 1459 1460# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1461# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1462# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1463# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1464# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1465 1466# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1467# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1468# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1469# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1470# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1471# ... 1472# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1473# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1474# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1475# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1476# ... 1477# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1478# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1479 1480# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1481# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1482# rather than the October 1 value. 1483 1484# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1485# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1486# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1487# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1488# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1489# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1490# 1491# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1492# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1493# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1494# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1495# 1496# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1497# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1498# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1499 1500# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1501# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1502# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1503# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1504# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1505 1506############################################################################### 1507 1508 1509# Fiji 1510 1511# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1512# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1513# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1514 1515# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1516# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1517# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1518# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1519 1520# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1521# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1522 1523# From the BBC World Service in 1524# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1525# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1526# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1527# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1528# of the new millennium. 1529 1530# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1531# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1532 1533# Johnston 1534 1535# Johnston data is from usno1995. 1536 1537 1538# Kiribati 1539 1540# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1541# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1542# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1543# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1544 1545 1546# Kwajalein 1547 1548# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1549# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1550# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1551# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1552# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1553 1554 1555# N Mariana Is, Guam 1556 1557# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1558# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1559# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1560# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1561# see Asia/Manila. 1562 1563# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1564# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1565# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1566# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1567 1568 1569# Micronesia 1570 1571# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1572# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1573# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1574# 1575# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1576# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1577 1578# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1579# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1580# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1581# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1582# </a> (1999-01-26) 1583# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1584# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1585 1586 1587# Midway 1588 1589# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1590# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1591# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1592# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1593# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1594# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1595# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1596# air at 6am your time. 1597# 1598# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1599# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1600# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1601# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1602 1603 1604# Pitcairn 1605 1606# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1607# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1608# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1609# 1610# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1611# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1612# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1613# 1614# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1615# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1616# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1617 1618# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1619# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1620# ... at midnight. 1621 1622# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1623# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1624# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1625# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1626 1627 1628# Samoa 1629 1630# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1631# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1632# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1633# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1634# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1635 1636 1637# Tonga 1638 1639# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1640# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1641# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1642# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1643 1644# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1645# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1646# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1647# </a>: 1648 1649# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1650# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1651# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1652# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1653# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1654# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1655# 1656# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1657# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1658# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1659# 1660# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1661# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1662# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1663# minutes we have lost?" 1664# 1665# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1666# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1667# to say your prayers in the morning." 1668 1669# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1670# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1671 1672# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1673# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1674# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1675# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1676# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1677# Government. 1678 1679# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1680# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1681# 1682# I was given this link by John Letts: 1683# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1684# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1685# </a> 1686# 1687# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1688# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1689# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1690# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1691 1692# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1693# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1694# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1695# </a>: 1696# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1697# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1698# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1699# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1700# set back an hour on the closing date." 1701# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1702 1703# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1704# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1705# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1706 1707# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1708# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1709# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1710# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1711# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1712# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1713# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1714 1715# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1716# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1717 1718# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1719# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1720# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1721# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1722# hour to 1:00am. 1723 1724# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1725# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1726 1727 1728# Wake 1729 1730# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1731# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1732# 1733# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1734# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1735# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1736# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1737# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1738# impossible. 1739# 1740# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1741 1742# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1743# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1744 1745############################################################################### 1746 1747# The International Date Line 1748 1749# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1750# 1751# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1752# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1753# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1754# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1755# 1756# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1757# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1758# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1759# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1760# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1761# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1762# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1763# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1764# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1765# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1766# correct date is ambiguous. 1767 1768# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1769# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1770# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1771# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1772# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1773# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1774# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1775# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1776# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1777# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1778# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1779# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1780# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1781 1782# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1783# (2005-03-20): 1784# 1785# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1786# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1787# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1788# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1789