africa revision 263906
1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31# 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 36# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 37# but Mark R V Murray reports that 38# `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 39# `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 40# `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 41# the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''. 42# He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference. 43# 44# To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 45# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 46# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 47# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 48# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 49# 50# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 51# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 52# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 53# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 54# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 55# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 56# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 57# I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 58# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 59# until we get more information. 60# 61# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 62# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 63# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 64# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 67# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 68# 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 69 70# Algeria 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 74Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 77Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 84Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 85Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 92Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 93Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 94# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 95# more precise 0:09:21. 96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 97Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 98 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 99 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 100 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 101 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 102 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 104 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 105 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 106 1:00 - CET 107 108# Angola 109# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 110Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 111 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 112 1:00 - WAT 113 114# Benin 115# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 116# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 117# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 119 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 120 1:00 - WAT 121 122# Botswana 123# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 124# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 125# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 126# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 127Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 128 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 129 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 130 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 131 2:00 - CAT 132 133# Burkina Faso 134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 - LMT 1912 136 0:00 - GMT 137 138# Burundi 139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 141 2:00 - CAT 142 143# Cameroon 144# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 145# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 146Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 147 1:00 - WAT 148 149# Cape Verde 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 152 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 153 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 154 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 155 -1:00 - CVT 156 157# Central African Republic 158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 159Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 160 1:00 - WAT 161 162# Chad 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 165 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 166 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 167 1:00 - WAT 168 169# Comoros 170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 172 3:00 - EAT 173 174# Democratic Republic of Congo 175# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 176Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 177 1:00 - WAT 178Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 179 2:00 - CAT 180 181# Republic of the Congo 182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 183Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 184 1:00 - WAT 185 186# Cote D'Ivoire 187# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 188Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 189 0:00 - GMT 190 191# Djibouti 192# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 193Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 194 3:00 - EAT 195 196############################################################################### 197 198# Egypt 199 200# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 201# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 202# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 203# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 204 205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 207Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 208Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 209Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 210Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 211Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 212Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 213Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 214Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 217Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 219Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 220Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 221Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 222Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 223Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 224Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 225# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 226# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 227 228# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 229# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 230# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 231# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 232# 233# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 234# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168"> 235# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 236# </a> 237# or 238# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html"> 239# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 240# </a> 241Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 242Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 243# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 244# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 245# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 246# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 247# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 248Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 23:00s 0 - 249# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 250# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 251# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 252# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 253# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 254# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 255# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 256# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 257Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 23:00s 0 - 258# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 259# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 260# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 261# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 262# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 263# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 264# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 265# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 266# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 267 268# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 269# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 270# 271# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 272# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 273# Apr 23 274# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 275# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 276# Apr 24 277# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 278# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 279# Aug 27 280# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 281# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 282# Aug 27 283# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 284# 285# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 286# :59) 287# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 288# 289# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 290# 291# [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263"> 292# https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 293# </a> 294# [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53"> 295# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 296# </a> 297# [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/"> 298# http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 299# </a> 300 301# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 302# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 303# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 304# in September. 305 306# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 307# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 308# Information and Decision Support Center: 309# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html"> 310# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 311# </a> 312# 313# The Middle East News Agency 314# <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx"> 315# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 316# </a> 317# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 318# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 319# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 320# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 321# (at least today). 322 323# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 324# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 325# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 326# Ramadan. 327# 328# Arabic translation: 329# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again" 330# <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again"> 331# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 332# </a> 333# or 334# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html"> 335# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 336# </a> 337 338Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 23:00s 0 - 339Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 23:00s 0 - 340Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 341Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S 342Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - 343 344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 345Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 346 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 347 348# Equatorial Guinea 349# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 350Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 351 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 352 1:00 - WAT 353 354# Eritrea 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 357 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 358 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 359 3:00 - EAT 360 361# Ethiopia 362# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 363# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones 364# between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890. 365# We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera. 366# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 367Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 368 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 369 3:00 - EAT 370 371# Gabon 372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 373Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 374 1:00 - WAT 375 376# Gambia 377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 378Zone Africa/Banjul -1:06:36 - LMT 1912 379 -1:06:36 - BMT 1935 # Banjul Mean Time 380 -1:00 - WAT 1964 381 0:00 - GMT 382 383# Ghana 384# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 385# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; 386# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 387Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 388Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 391 0:00 Ghana %s 392 393# Guinea 394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395Zone Africa/Conakry -0:54:52 - LMT 1912 396 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 397 -1:00 - WAT 1960 398 0:00 - GMT 399 400# Guinea-Bissau 401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 403 -1:00 - WAT 1975 404 0:00 - GMT 405 406# Kenya 407# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 408Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 409 3:00 - EAT 1930 410 2:30 - BEAT 1940 411 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 412 3:00 - EAT 413 414# Lesotho 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 417 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 418 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 419 2:00 - SAST 420 421# Liberia 422# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 423# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 424# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 425# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 426# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 427# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 428# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 429# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 430# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 431Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 432 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 433 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 434 0:00 - GMT 435 436############################################################################### 437 438# Libya 439 440# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 441# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 442# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 443# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 444# 445# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 446# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 447# 448# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 449# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 450# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 451# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 452# lastFri instead of lastSun). 453 454# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 455# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 456# cancelled yesterday.... 457# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 458# 459# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 460# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 461 462# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 463Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 464Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 465Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 466Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 467Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 468Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 469Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 470Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 471Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 472Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 473Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 474Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 475Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 476Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 477Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 478Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 479Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 480# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 482 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 483 2:00 - EET 1982 484 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 485# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 486# the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 487 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 488 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 489 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 491 2:00 - EET 492 493# Madagascar 494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 495Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 496 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 497 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 498 3:00 - EAT 499 500# Malawi 501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 503 2:00 - CAT 504 505# Mali 506# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507Zone Africa/Bamako -0:32:00 - LMT 1912 508 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 509 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Jun 20 510 0:00 - GMT 511 512# Mauritania 513# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 514Zone Africa/Nouakchott -1:03:48 - LMT 1912 515 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 516 -1:00 - WAT 1960 Nov 28 517 0:00 - GMT 518 519# Mauritius 520 521# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 522# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 523# basis.... 524# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 525# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 526# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 527 528# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 529# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 530 531# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 532# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 533# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 534# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 535 536# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 537# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 538 539# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 540# According to 541# <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216"> 542# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 543# </a> 544# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 545# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 546# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 547# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 548# 549# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 550# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 551# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 552# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 553# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 554# changes two days later. 555 556# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 557# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 558# time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 559# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 560# 561# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 562# de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 563# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one. 564# ... 565# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html"> 566# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 567# </a> 568 569# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 570# The Government of Mauritius weblink 571# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD"> 572# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 573# </a> 574# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 575# 576# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 577# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 578# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 579# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 580# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 581# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 582# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 583# year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 584# and end on 29 March 2009. 585 586# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 587# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 588# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 589# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 590# <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf"> 591# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 592# </a> 593 594# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 595# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 596# DST the coming summer... 597# 598# Some sources, in French: 599# <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB"> 600# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 601# </a> 602# <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-"> 603# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 604# </a> 605# 606# Our wrap-up: 607# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html"> 608# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 609# </a> 610 611# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 612# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 613# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 614# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 615 616# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 617Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 618Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 619Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 620Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 621# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 623 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 624# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 625# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 626 627# Mayotte 628# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 629Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 630 3:00 - EAT 631 632# Morocco 633# See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 634 635# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 636# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 637# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 638# 639# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 640# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 641# Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 642# 643# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html"> 644# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 645# </a> 646# OR 647# <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html"> 648# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 649# </a> 650 651# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 652# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 653# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view"> 654# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 655# </a> 656# 657# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 658# spokesman. 659 660# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 661# According to this article: 662# <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html"> 663# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 664# </a> 665# (and republished here: 666# <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html"> 667# http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html 668# </a> 669# ) 670# the changes occurs at midnight: 671# 672# saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be 673# intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday) 674# sunday night the 28th at midnight 675# 676# Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 677# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and 678# monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 679# june1st to sept 27th. 680# 681# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 682# published on the web. 683# 684# It's also confirmed here: 685# <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm"> 686# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 687# </a> 688# on a government portal as being between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet 689# posted in english). 690# 691# The following google query will generate many relevant hits: 692# <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search"> 693# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 694# </a> 695 696# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 697# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 698# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 699# of September: 700# 701# One article about it (in French): 702# <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default"> 703# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 704# </a> 705# 706# We have some further details posted here: 707# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html"> 708# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 709# </a> 710 711# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 712# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 713# to many sources, such as 714# <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html"> 715# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 716# </a> 717# <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312"> 718# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 719# </a> 720# (French) 721# 722# Our summary: 723# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html"> 724# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 725# </a> 726 727# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 728# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 729# Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 730# 731# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 732# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 733# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 734# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 735# 736# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf"> 737# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 738# </a> 739# 740# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html"> 741# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 742# </a> 743 744# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 745# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 746# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 747# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 748# 749# Example: 750# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html"> 751# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 752# </a> 753# (French) 754# Our page: 755# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html"> 756# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 757# </a> 758 759# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 760# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 761# The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 762# The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 763# ...Official links of change in morocco 764# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 765# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 766# +212.537.71.84.00 767# <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/"> 768# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 769# </a> 770# They said that 771# <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view"> 772# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 773# </a> 774# is the official publication to look at. 775# They said that the decision was already taken. 776# 777# More articles in the press 778# <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev"> 779# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev 780# </a> 781# e.html 782# <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923"> 783# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 784# </a> 785# <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim"> 786# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 787# anche-prochain-5538.html 788# </a> 789 790# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 791# They have it written in English here: 792# <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view"> 793# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 794# </a> 795# 796# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 797# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 798# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 799# also been like that in the past. 800 801# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 802# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 803# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 804# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 805# <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9"> 806# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 807# </a> 808# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 809# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 810# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 811# except the month of Ramadan. 812# or (brief) 813# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html"> 814# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 815# </a> 816 817# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 818# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 819# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 820# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 821# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 822# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 823 824# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 825# Seen Morocco change again: 826# <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php"> 827# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 828# </a> 829# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars, 830# comme annoncé précédemment." 831 832# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 833# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 834# <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288"> 835# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 836# </a> 837# 838# Google translation, lightly edited: 839# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 840# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 841# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 842# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 843# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 844# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 845# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 846# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 847# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 848 849# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 850# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 851# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 852# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 853# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 854# <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 855 856# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 857# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 858# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 859# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 860 861# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 862# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 863# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 864# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 865# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 866# source (French): 867# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 868# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 869# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 870 871# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 872# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 873 874# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-19): 875# To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years, 876# transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running 877# the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3: 878# 879# (let ((islamic-year 1435)) 880# (while (< islamic-year 1461) 881# (let ((a 882# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 883# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))) 884# (b 885# (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute 886# (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))) 887# (insert 888# (format 889# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 890# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 891# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 892# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 893# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 894# 895# with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the 896# normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with 897# all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan 898# falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back 899# transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back 900# date falls during the estimated Ramadan. Normally, the table would 901# stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038, 902# but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038 903# due to the year-2037 glitches. So, this table instead stops after 904# 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover. 905# An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess 906# TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future. 907 908# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 909 910Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 911Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 912Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 913Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 914Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 915Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 916Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 917Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 918Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 919Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 920Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 921Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 922Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 923Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 924Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 925Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 926Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 927Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 928Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 929Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 930Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 931Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 932Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 933Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 934Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 935Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 936Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 937Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 938Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 939Rule Morocco 2013 2035 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 940Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 941Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 29 3:00 0 - 942Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jul 29 2:00 1:00 S 943Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 18 3:00 0 - 944Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 945Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 7 3:00 0 - 946Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 7 2:00 1:00 S 947Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 27 3:00 0 - 948Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jun 26 2:00 1:00 S 949Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 16 3:00 0 - 950Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 15 2:00 1:00 S 951Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 6 3:00 0 - 952Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 5 2:00 1:00 S 953Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 24 3:00 0 - 954Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 955Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 13 3:00 0 - 956Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 13 2:00 1:00 S 957Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 3 3:00 0 - 958Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 3 2:00 1:00 S 959Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 960Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 10 2:00 1:00 S 961Rule Morocco 2025 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 962Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 963Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 21 3:00 0 - 964Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 11 3:00 0 - 965Rule Morocco 2038 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 966Rule Morocco 2038 only - Oct 30 2:00 1:00 S 967Rule Morocco 2038 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 968 969# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 970Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 971 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 972 1:00 - CET 1986 973 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 974 975# Western Sahara 976# 977# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 978# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 979# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 980# Morocco does. 981# 982# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 983# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 984# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 985 986Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan 987 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 988 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 989 990# Mozambique 991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 993 2:00 - CAT 994 995# Namibia 996# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 997# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 998 999# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 1000# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 1001# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1002# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1003# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1004# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1005# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1006# of the country. 1007# 1008# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1009# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1010# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1011 1012# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1013Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1014Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1015# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1016Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1017 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 1018 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1019 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1020 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1021 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1022 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 1023 1024# Niger 1025# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1026Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1027 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1028 0:00 - GMT 1960 1029 1:00 - WAT 1030 1031# Nigeria 1032# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1033Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1034 1:00 - WAT 1035 1036# Reunion 1037# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1038Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1039 4:00 - RET # Reunion Time 1040# 1041# Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows. 1042# The following information about them is taken from 1043# Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French; 1044# no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1045# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1046# 1047# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1048# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1049# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1050# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1051# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1052 1053# Rwanda 1054# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1055Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1056 2:00 - CAT 1057 1058# St Helena 1059# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1060Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown 1061 -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time 1062 0:00 - GMT 1063# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1064# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1065# Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA 1066# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1067# on GMT, says the CIA 1068# Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT 1069 1070# Sao Tome and Principe 1071# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1072Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1073 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 # Lisbon Mean Time 1074 0:00 - GMT 1075 1076# Senegal 1077# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1078Zone Africa/Dakar -1:09:44 - LMT 1912 1079 -1:00 - WAT 1941 Jun 1080 0:00 - GMT 1081 1082# Seychelles 1083# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1084Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1085 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1086# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1087# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1088# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1089# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1090# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1091# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1092 1093# Sierra Leone 1094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1095# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1096Rule SL 1935 1942 - Jun 1 0:00 0:40 SLST 1097Rule SL 1935 1942 - Oct 1 0:00 0 WAT 1098Rule SL 1957 1962 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 SLST 1099Rule SL 1957 1962 - Sep 1 0:00 0 GMT 1100# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1101Zone Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 - LMT 1882 1102 -0:53:00 - FMT 1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time 1103 -1:00 SL %s 1957 1104 0:00 SL %s 1105 1106# Somalia 1107# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1108Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1109 3:00 - EAT 1931 1110 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1111 3:00 - EAT 1112 1113# South Africa 1114# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1115Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1116Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1117# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1118Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1119 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1120 2:00 SA SAST 1121# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1122# scientific station since 1947 1123# no information 1124 1125# Sudan 1126# 1127# From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html"> 1128# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13) 1129# </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1130# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1131# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1132# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1133# 1134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1135Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1136Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1137Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1138Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1140Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1141 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1142 3:00 - EAT 1143 1144# South Sudan 1145Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1146 1147# Swaziland 1148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1149Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1150 2:00 - SAST 1151 1152# Tanzania 1153# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1154Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1155 3:00 - EAT 1948 1156 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1157 3:00 - EAT 1158 1159# Togo 1160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1161Zone Africa/Lome 0:04:52 - LMT 1893 1162 0:00 - GMT 1163 1164# Tunisia 1165 1166# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1167# My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1168# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1169# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1170# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1171# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1172# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1173# Saturday." (My translation) 1174# 1175# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1176# LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1177# <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1178# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1179# 1h standard time. 1180# 1181# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1182# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1183# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1184# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1185# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1186 1187# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1188# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1189# (Arabic) 1190# <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546"> 1191# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1192# </a> 1193# <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp"> 1194# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1195# </a> 1196# 1197# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1198# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1199# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html"> 1200# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1201# </a> 1202 1203# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1204# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1205# 1206# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1207# 1208# (in English) 1209# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157"> 1210# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1211# </a> 1212# 1213# (in Arabic) 1214# <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1"> 1215# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1216# </a> 1217 1218# From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18): 1219# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact 1220# that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time. 1221# Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long." 1222# So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1223 1224# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1225# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1226# 1227# (translation): 1228# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1229# Sunday... 1230# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1231# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1232# 1233# (in Arabic) 1234# <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1"> 1235# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1236# <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036"> 1237# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1238# or 1239# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html"> 1240# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1241 1242# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1243Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1244Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1245Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1246Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1247Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1248Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1249Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1250Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1251Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1252Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1253Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1254Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1255Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1256Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1257Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1258Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1259Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1260Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1261Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1262Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1263Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1264Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1265Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1266Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1267Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1268 1269# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1270# more precise 0:09:21. 1271# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1273Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1274 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1275 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1276 1277# Uganda 1278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1279Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1280 3:00 - EAT 1930 1281 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1282 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1283 3:00 - EAT 1284 1285# Zambia 1286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1287Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1288 2:00 - CAT 1289 1290# Zimbabwe 1291# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1292Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1293 2:00 - CAT 1294