1339631Sphilip# tzdb data for Africa and environs 2339631Sphilip 3192886Sedwin# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4192886Sedwin# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 567578Swollman 6273719Sedwin# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 72742Swollman# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8273719Sedwin# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9273719Sedwin# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 102742Swollman 11339631Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27): 122742Swollman# 13274563Sedwin# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14158421Swollman# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15158421Swollman# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16274563Sedwin# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 172742Swollman# 18316350Sbapt# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19316350Sbapt# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 2020094Swollman# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 2120094Swollman# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22274563Sedwin# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23274563Sedwin# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 2420094Swollman# 252742Swollman# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 262742Swollman# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 272742Swollman# I found in the UCLA library. 282742Swollman# 29248307Sedwin# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30273719Sedwin# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31325160Sphilip# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32248307Sedwin# 3314343Swollman# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 3458787Sru# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 3514343Swollman# 36316350Sbapt# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 37316350Sbapt# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 3830711Swollman# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 39316350Sbapt# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 40316350Sbapt# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 41316350Sbapt# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 42316350Sbapt# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 43316350Sbapt# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 44270817Spluknet# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 452742Swollman# 46316350Sbapt# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 47316350Sbapt# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 48316350Sbapt# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 49316350Sbapt# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 50316350Sbapt# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 51316350Sbapt# +01 WAT West Africa Time 52316350Sbapt# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 53316350Sbapt# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 54316350Sbapt# cannot now come up with solid citations. 552742Swollman# 56339631Sphilip# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s: 57339631Sphilip# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time 58339631Sphilip# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time 59339631Sphilip# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time 60316350Sbapt# +03 EAT East Africa Time 61339631Sphilip# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though 62339631Sphilip# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps, 63339631Sphilip# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 64339631Sphilip# Corrections are welcome. 652742Swollman 662742Swollman# Algeria 672742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6819878SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 69158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 7019878SwollmanRule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 7119878SwollmanRule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 7219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 7319878SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 742742SwollmanRule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 7519878SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 762742SwollmanRule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 7719878SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 782742SwollmanRule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 79158421SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 802742SwollmanRule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 812742SwollmanRule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 8219878SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 832742SwollmanRule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 8419878SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 852742SwollmanRule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 8619878SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 872742SwollmanRule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 8819878SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 892742SwollmanRule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 90158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 91158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 922742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 93273719SedwinZone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 94273719Sedwin 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 95273719Sedwin 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 9619878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 972742Swollman 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 9819878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 9919878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 10019878Swollman 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 10119878Swollman 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 10219878Swollman 1:00 - CET 1032742Swollman 1042742Swollman# Angola 1052742Swollman# Benin 106273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 1072742Swollman 1082742Swollman# Botswana 109273719Sedwin# See Africa/Maputo. 1102742Swollman 1112742Swollman# Burkina Faso 112270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 1132742Swollman 1142742Swollman# Burundi 115273719Sedwin# See Africa/Maputo. 1162742Swollman 1172742Swollman# Cameroon 118273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 1192742Swollman 120309793Sbapt# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 121273719Sedwin# 122331663Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 123316350Sbapt# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 124331663Sphilip# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 125331663Sphilip# (see Europe/Lisbon). 126273719Sedwin# 1272742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 128331663SphilipZone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 129316350Sbapt -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 130316350Sbapt -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 131316350Sbapt -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 132316350Sbapt -1:00 - -01 1332742Swollman 1342742Swollman# Central African Republic 135273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 1362742Swollman 1372742Swollman# Chad 1382742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139273719SedwinZone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 14030711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 14130711Swollman 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 14230711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1432742Swollman 1442742Swollman# Comoros 145274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 1462742Swollman 147273719Sedwin# Democratic Republic of the Congo 148273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 14930711Swollman 15030711Swollman# Republic of the Congo 151273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 1522742Swollman 153273719Sedwin# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 1542742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1552742SwollmanZone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 15630711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 157270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 158270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 159270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 160270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 161270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 162270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 163270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 164270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 165270817SpluknetLink Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 1662742Swollman 1672742Swollman# Djibouti 168274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 1692742Swollman 1702742Swollman############################################################################### 1712742Swollman 1722742Swollman# Egypt 1732742Swollman 174248307Sedwin# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 175248307Sedwin# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 176248307Sedwin# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 177248307Sedwin# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 178248307Sedwin 1792742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 18019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1812742SwollmanRule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 18219878SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 1832742SwollmanRule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 18419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1852742SwollmanRule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 1862742SwollmanRule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 18719878SwollmanRule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 18819878SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1892742SwollmanRule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 19019878SwollmanRule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 19119878SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 1922742SwollmanRule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 19330711SwollmanRule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 19419878SwollmanRule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 19519878SwollmanRule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 19619878SwollmanRule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 19719878SwollmanRule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 19830711SwollmanRule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 19943014Swollman# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 20043543Swollman# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 201221092Sedwin 202221092Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 203221092Sedwin# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 204221092Sedwin# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 205221092Sedwin# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 206221092Sedwin# 207221092Sedwin# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 208221092Sedwin# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 209221092Sedwin# or 210221092Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 211221092SedwinRule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 212267477SedwinRule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 213163302Sru# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 214163302Sru# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 215163302Sru# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 216163302Sru# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 217163302Sru# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 218267477SedwinRule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 219171948Sedwin# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 220171948Sedwin# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 221171948Sedwin# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 222270817Spluknet# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 223240457Sedwin# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 224325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 225172479Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 226172479Sedwin# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 227267477SedwinRule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 228172479Sedwin# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 229172479Sedwin# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 230172479Sedwin# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 231172479Sedwin# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 232172479Sedwin# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 233172479Sedwin# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 234172479Sedwin# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 235171948Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 236172479Sedwin# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 23720094Swollman 238191618Sedwin# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 239191618Sedwin# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 240191618Sedwin# 241191618Sedwin# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 242192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 243191618Sedwin# Apr 23 244192886Sedwin# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 245192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 246191618Sedwin# Apr 24 247192886Sedwin# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 248192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 249191618Sedwin# Aug 27 250192886Sedwin# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251192886Sedwin# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 252191618Sedwin# Aug 27 253192886Sedwin# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 254191618Sedwin# 255191618Sedwin# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 256191618Sedwin# :59) 257191618Sedwin# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 258191618Sedwin# 259191618Sedwin# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 260191618Sedwin# 261270817Spluknet# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 262325160Sphilip# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 263325160Sphilip# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 264191618Sedwin 265191618Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 266191618Sedwin# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 267191618Sedwin# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 268191618Sedwin# in September. 269196582Sedwin 270196582Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 271240457Sedwin# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 272196582Sedwin# Information and Decision Support Center: 273325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 274240457Sedwin# 275196582Sedwin# The Middle East News Agency 276325160Sphilip# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 277196582Sedwin# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 278240457Sedwin# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 279196582Sedwin# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 280196582Sedwin# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 281196582Sedwin# (at least today). 282196582Sedwin 283210718Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 284270817Spluknet# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 285210718Sedwin# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 286210718Sedwin# Ramadan. 287210718Sedwin# 288210718Sedwin# Arabic translation: 289270817Spluknet# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 290210718Sedwin# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 291210718Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 292210718Sedwin 293265983Sedwin# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 294265983Sedwin# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 295265983Sedwin# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 296265983Sedwin 297273719Sedwin# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 298265983Sedwin# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 299265983Sedwin 300267477Sedwin# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 301267477Sedwin# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 302267477Sedwin# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 303267477Sedwin# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 304267477Sedwin# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 305267477Sedwin# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 306267477Sedwin# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 307267477Sedwin# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 308267477Sedwin# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 309267477Sedwin# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 310267477Sedwin# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 311267477Sedwin# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 312267477Sedwin 313267477Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 314265983Sedwin# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 315265983Sedwin# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 316267477Sedwin# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 317267477Sedwin# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 318265983Sedwin# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 319283043Sedwin 320283043Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 321283043Sedwin# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 322283043Sedwin# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 323283043Sedwin# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 324283043Sedwin# dates not yet announced.... 325283043Sedwin# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 326325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 327283043Sedwin 328283080Sedwin# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 329283080Sedwin# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 330283080Sedwin# least for 2015. 331283080Sedwin# 332283080Sedwin# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 333283080Sedwin# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 334283080Sedwin# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 335283080Sedwin# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 336283080Sedwin# practice altogether in future years." 337283080Sedwin# 338284398Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 339284398Sedwin# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 340284398Sedwin# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 341284398Sedwin# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 342283080Sedwin 343307362Sbapt# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 344307362Sbapt# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 345307362Sbapt# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 346307362Sbapt# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 347307362Sbapt# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 348307362Sbapt 349267477SedwinRule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 350267477SedwinRule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 351267477SedwinRule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 352267477SedwinRule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 353267477SedwinRule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354265983SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 355267477SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 356267477SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 357283080SedwinRule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 358191618Sedwin 3592742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 360248307SedwinZone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 36119878Swollman 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 3622742Swollman 3632742Swollman# Equatorial Guinea 364273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 3652742Swollman 3662742Swollman# Eritrea 367345671Sphilip# See Africa/Nairobi. 368345671Sphilip 369345671Sphilip# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) 370345671Sphilip# See Africa/Johannesburg. 371345671Sphilip 3722742Swollman# Ethiopia 373274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 374339631Sphilip# 375339631Sphilip# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia, 376339631Sphilip# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian 377339631Sphilip# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time. See: 378339631Sphilip# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double 379339631Sphilip# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05. 380339631Sphilip# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time 3812742Swollman 3822742Swollman# Gabon 383273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 3842742Swollman 3852742Swollman# Gambia 386270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 3872742Swollman 3882742Swollman# Ghana 389331663Sphilip 390331663Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 391331663Sphilip# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 392331663Sphilip# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 393331663Sphilip# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 394331663Sphilip# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 395331663Sphilip# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 396331663Sphilip# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 397331663Sphilip# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 398331663Sphilip# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 399331663Sphilip# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 400331663Sphilip# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 401331663Sphilip# for evening recreation after office hours." 402331663Sphilip# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 403331663Sphilip# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 404331663Sphilip# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 405331663Sphilip# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 406331663Sphilip# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 407331663Sphilip# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 408331663Sphilip# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 409331663Sphilip# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 410331663Sphilip# These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 411331663Sphilip# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 412331663Sphilip# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 413331663Sphilip# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 4142742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 415331663SphilipRule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 416331663SphilipRule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 4172742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4182742SwollmanZone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 419316350Sbapt 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 4202742Swollman 4212742Swollman# Guinea 422270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 4232742Swollman 4242742Swollman# Guinea-Bissau 425273719Sedwin# 426331663Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 427273719Sedwin# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 428273719Sedwin# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 429331663Sphilip# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 430273719Sedwin# 4312742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 432331663SphilipZone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 433316350Sbapt -1:00 - -01 1975 43430711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4352742Swollman 4362742Swollman# Kenya 4372742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4382742SwollmanZone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 4392742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 1930 440316350Sbapt 2:30 - +0230 1940 441316350Sbapt 2:45 - +0245 1960 4422742Swollman 3:00 - EAT 443274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 444274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 445274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 446274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 447274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 448274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 449274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 450274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 451274563SedwinLink Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 4522742Swollman 4532742Swollman# Lesotho 454273719Sedwin# See Africa/Johannesburg. 4552742Swollman 4562742Swollman# Liberia 457316350Sbapt# 458316350Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 459316350Sbapt# 460316350Sbapt# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 461316350Sbapt# 462328476Sphilip# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 463316350Sbapt# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 464316350Sbapt# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 465316350Sbapt# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 466316350Sbapt# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 467316350Sbapt# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 468316350Sbapt# 469316350Sbapt# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 470316350Sbapt# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 471316350Sbapt# 4722742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 4732742SwollmanZone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 4742742Swollman -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 475316350Sbapt -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 47630711Swollman 0:00 - GMT 4772742Swollman 4782742Swollman############################################################################### 4792742Swollman 4802742Swollman# Libya 4812742Swollman 482243003Sedwin# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 483243003Sedwin# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 484325160Sphilip# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 485243003Sedwin# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 486243003Sedwin# 487243003Sedwin# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 488325160Sphilip# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 489243003Sedwin# 490243003Sedwin# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 491243003Sedwin# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 492243003Sedwin# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 493243003Sedwin# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 494243003Sedwin# lastFri instead of lastSun). 495243003Sedwin 496257697Sedwin# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 497257697Sedwin# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 498257697Sedwin# cancelled yesterday.... 499325160Sphilip# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 500257697Sedwin# 501257697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 502307362Sbapt# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 503257697Sedwin 5042742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 50519878SwollmanRule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 5062742SwollmanRule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 50719878SwollmanRule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 5082742SwollmanRule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 50919878SwollmanRule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 5102742SwollmanRule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 51119878SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 5122742SwollmanRule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 51319878SwollmanRule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 51419878SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 5152742SwollmanRule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 51619878SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 517149514SwollmanRule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 518243003SedwinRule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 519243003SedwinRule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 520257697SedwinRule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 521257697SedwinRule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 5222742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 5232742SwollmanZone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 52419878Swollman 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 5252742Swollman 2:00 - EET 1982 52658787Sru 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 527243003Sedwin# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 528273719Sedwin# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 52958787Sru 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 530243003Sedwin 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 531273719Sedwin 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 532273719Sedwin 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 533257697Sedwin 2:00 - EET 5342742Swollman 5352742Swollman# Madagascar 536274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 5372742Swollman 5382742Swollman# Malawi 539273719Sedwin# See Africa/Maputo. 5402742Swollman 5412742Swollman# Mali 5422742Swollman# Mauritania 543270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 5442742Swollman 5452742Swollman# Mauritius 546181421Sedwin 547181421Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 548181421Sedwin# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 549181421Sedwin# basis.... 550240457Sedwin# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 551181421Sedwin# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 552325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 553181424Sedwin 554181421Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 555181421Sedwin# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 556181424Sedwin 557181421Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 558181421Sedwin# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 559181421Sedwin# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 560181421Sedwin# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 561181424Sedwin 562181421Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 563181421Sedwin# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 564181421Sedwin 565181424Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 566181424Sedwin# According to 567181424Sedwin# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 568181424Sedwin# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 569181424Sedwin# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 570181424Sedwin# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 571181424Sedwin# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 572240457Sedwin# 573240457Sedwin# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 574240457Sedwin# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 575240457Sedwin# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 576240457Sedwin# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 577240457Sedwin# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 578181424Sedwin# changes two days later. 579181424Sedwin 580181424Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 581181424Sedwin# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 582286751Sedwin# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 583181424Sedwin# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 584181424Sedwin# 585181424Sedwin# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 586270817Spluknet# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 587270817Spluknet# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 588181424Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 589181424Sedwin 590183066Sedwin# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 591183066Sedwin# The Government of Mauritius weblink 592192886Sedwin# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 593183066Sedwin# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 594183066Sedwin# 595183066Sedwin# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 596183066Sedwin# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 597183066Sedwin# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 598183066Sedwin# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 599183066Sedwin# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 600183066Sedwin# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 601183066Sedwin# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 602270817Spluknet# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 603183066Sedwin# and end on 29 March 2009. 604183066Sedwin 605183864Sedwin# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 606183864Sedwin# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 607183864Sedwin# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 608183864Sedwin# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 609183864Sedwin# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 610183864Sedwin 611196581Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 612196581Sedwin# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 613196581Sedwin# DST the coming summer... 614196581Sedwin# 615196581Sedwin# Some sources, in French: 616196581Sedwin# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 617196581Sedwin# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 618196581Sedwin# 619196581Sedwin# Our wrap-up: 620325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 621196581Sedwin 622196581Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 623240457Sedwin# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 624196581Sedwin# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 625196581Sedwin# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 626196581Sedwin 627181421Sedwin# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 628331663SphilipRule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 629181421SedwinRule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 630331663SphilipRule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 631196581SedwinRule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 6322742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 633273719SedwinZone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 634316350Sbapt 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 6352742Swollman# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 6362742Swollman# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 6372742Swollman 6382742Swollman# Mayotte 639274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 6402742Swollman 6412742Swollman# Morocco 642270817Spluknet# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 643181418Sedwin 644181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 645181418Sedwin# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 646181418Sedwin# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 647181418Sedwin# 648181418Sedwin# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 649181418Sedwin# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 650270817Spluknet# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 651181418Sedwin# 652325160Sphilip# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 653181418Sedwin# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 654181418Sedwin 655181418Sedwin# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 656273719Sedwin# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 657273719Sedwin# Presse: 658181418Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 659181418Sedwin# 660181418Sedwin# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 661181418Sedwin# spokesman. 662181418Sedwin 663181418Sedwin# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 664181418Sedwin# According to this article: 665325160Sphilip# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 666270817Spluknet# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 667270817Spluknet# the changes occur at midnight: 668181418Sedwin# 669270817Spluknet# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 670270817Spluknet# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 671270817Spluknet# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 672181418Sedwin# 673270817Spluknet# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 674270817Spluknet# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 675270817Spluknet# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 676270817Spluknet# June 1st to Sept 27th. 677181418Sedwin# 678181418Sedwin# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 679181418Sedwin# published on the web. 680181418Sedwin# 681181418Sedwin# It's also confirmed here: 682181418Sedwin# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 683270817Spluknet# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 684270817Spluknet# posted in English). 685181418Sedwin# 686270817Spluknet# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 687325160Sphilip# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 688181418Sedwin 689183066Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 690240457Sedwin# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 691240457Sedwin# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 692183066Sedwin# of September: 693183066Sedwin# 694183066Sedwin# One article about it (in French): 695183066Sedwin# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 696183066Sedwin# 697183066Sedwin# We have some further details posted here: 698325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 699190372Sedwin 700190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 701190372Sedwin# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 702190372Sedwin# to many sources, such as 703190372Sedwin# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 704190372Sedwin# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 705190372Sedwin# (French) 706190372Sedwin# 707190372Sedwin# Our summary: 708325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 709190372Sedwin 710190372Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 711190372Sedwin# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 712270817Spluknet# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 713190372Sedwin# 714286751Sedwin# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 715190372Sedwin# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 716190372Sedwin# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 717190372Sedwin# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 718190372Sedwin# 719190372Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 720190372Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 721190372Sedwin 722206868Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 723206868Sedwin# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 724206868Sedwin# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 725206868Sedwin# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 726206868Sedwin# 727206868Sedwin# Example: 728206868Sedwin# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 729206868Sedwin# (French) 730206868Sedwin# Our page: 731325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 732206868Sedwin 733220286Sedwin# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 734220286Sedwin# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 735273719Sedwin# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 736273719Sedwin# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 737220286Sedwin# ...Official links of change in morocco 738220286Sedwin# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 739220286Sedwin# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 740220286Sedwin# +212.537.71.84.00 741220286Sedwin# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 742220286Sedwin# They said that 743220286Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 744220286Sedwin# is the official publication to look at. 745220286Sedwin# They said that the decision was already taken. 746220286Sedwin# 747220286Sedwin# More articles in the press 748325160Sphilip# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 749220286Sedwin# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 750220286Sedwin# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 751220286Sedwin 752220286Sedwin# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 753220286Sedwin# They have it written in English here: 754220286Sedwin# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 755220286Sedwin# 756220286Sedwin# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 757220286Sedwin# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 758220286Sedwin# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 759220286Sedwin# also been like that in the past. 760220286Sedwin 761240457Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 762270817Spluknet# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 763270817Spluknet# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale: 764270817Spluknet# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t�� 765240457Sedwin# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 766240457Sedwin# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 767240457Sedwin# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 768240457Sedwin# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 769240457Sedwin# except the month of Ramadan. 770240457Sedwin# or (brief) 771240457Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 772240457Sedwin 773240457Sedwin# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 774240457Sedwin# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 775240457Sedwin# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 776240457Sedwin# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 777240457Sedwin# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 778240457Sedwin# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 779240457Sedwin 780240457Sedwin# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 781240457Sedwin# Seen Morocco change again: 782240457Sedwin# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 783270817Spluknet# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 784270817Spluknet# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment." 785240457Sedwin 786240457Sedwin# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 787240457Sedwin# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 788240457Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 789240457Sedwin# 790240457Sedwin# Google translation, lightly edited: 791240457Sedwin# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 792240457Sedwin# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 793240457Sedwin# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 794240457Sedwin# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 795240457Sedwin# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 796240457Sedwin# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 797240457Sedwin# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 798240457Sedwin# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 799240457Sedwin# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 800240457Sedwin 801248307Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 802248307Sedwin# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 803248307Sedwin# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 804248307Sedwin# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 805248307Sedwin# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 806273719Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 807253009Sedwin 808253009Sedwin# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 809253009Sedwin# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 810253009Sedwin# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 811253009Sedwin# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 812253009Sedwin 813257697Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 814257697Sedwin# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 815257697Sedwin# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 816257697Sedwin# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 817257697Sedwin# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 818257697Sedwin# source (French): 819257697Sedwin# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 820257697Sedwin# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 821257697Sedwin# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 822257697Sedwin 823263906Sedwin# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 824263906Sedwin# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 825263906Sedwin 826267477Sedwin# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 827267477Sedwin# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 828267477Sedwin# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 829267477Sedwin# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 830267477Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 831267477Sedwin 832284398Sedwin# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 833284398Sedwin# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 834284398Sedwin# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 835284398Sedwin# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 836284398Sedwin# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 837284398Sedwin# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 838284398Sedwin# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 839284398Sedwin# Source (french): 840325160Sphilip# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 841284398Sedwin# 842284398Sedwin# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 843284398Sedwin# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 844284398Sedwin# 845284398Sedwin# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 846284398Sedwin# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 847284398Sedwin# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 848284398Sedwin# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 849325160Sphilip# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 850284398Sedwin# with the patch. 851284398Sedwin 852339940Sphilip# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26): 853339940Sphilip# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition 854339940Sphilip# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone. 855342669Sphilip# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28): 856342669Sphilip# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf 857342669Sphilip# 858342669Sphilip# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01): 859342669Sphilip# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1 860342669Sphilip# the week end after.... The government does not announce yet the decision 861342669Sphilip# about this temporary change. But it s 99% sure that it will be the case, 862342669Sphilip# as in previous years. An unofficial survey was done these days, showing 863342669Sphilip# that 64% of asked peopke are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan. 864342669Sphilip# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan 865342669Sphilip# 866342669Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-01): 867342669Sphilip# For now, guess that Morocco will fall back at 03:00 the last Sunday 868342669Sphilip# before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the first Sunday after 869342669Sphilip# Ramadan, as this has been the practice since 2012. To implement this, 870342669Sphilip# transition dates for 2019 through 2037 were determined by running the 871342669Sphilip# following program under GNU Emacs 26.1. 872342669Sphilip# (let ((islamic-year 1440)) 873342669Sphilip# (require 'cal-islam) 874342669Sphilip# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 875342669Sphilip# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 876342669Sphilip# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 877342669Sphilip# (sunday 0)) 878342669Sphilip# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 879342669Sphilip# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 880342669Sphilip# (setq b (1+ b))) 881342669Sphilip# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 882342669Sphilip# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 883342669Sphilip# (insert 884342669Sphilip# (format 885342669Sphilip# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n" 886342669Sphilip# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n") 887342669Sphilip# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 888342669Sphilip# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 889342669Sphilip# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 890248307Sedwin 89120094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 892339940SphilipRule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 - 8932742SwollmanRule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 894339940SphilipRule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 - 8952742SwollmanRule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 896339940SphilipRule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 - 8972742SwollmanRule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 898339940SphilipRule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 - 8992742SwollmanRule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 900339940SphilipRule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 - 9012742SwollmanRule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 902339940SphilipRule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 9032742SwollmanRule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 9042742SwollmanRule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 905339940SphilipRule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 9062742SwollmanRule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 907339940SphilipRule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 908183066SedwinRule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 909339940SphilipRule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 - 910267477SedwinRule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 911339940SphilipRule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 - 912206868SedwinRule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 913339940SphilipRule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 - 914307362SbaptRule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 915339940SphilipRule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 916267477SedwinRule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 917339940SphilipRule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 - 918307362SbaptRule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 919267477SedwinRule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 920339940SphilipRule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 - 921339940SphilipRule Morocco 2013 2018 - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 922339940SphilipRule Morocco 2014 2018 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 923267477SedwinRule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 924339940SphilipRule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 - 925284398SedwinRule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 926339940SphilipRule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 - 927284398SedwinRule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 928339940SphilipRule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 - 929284398SedwinRule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 930339940SphilipRule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 - 931284398SedwinRule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 932339940SphilipRule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 - 933342669SphilipRule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 -1:00 - 934342669SphilipRule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 0 - 935342669SphilipRule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 -1:00 - 936342669SphilipRule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 0 - 937342669SphilipRule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 -1:00 - 938342669SphilipRule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 0 - 939342669SphilipRule Morocco 2022 only - Mar 27 3:00 -1:00 - 940342669SphilipRule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 0 - 941342669SphilipRule Morocco 2023 only - Mar 19 3:00 -1:00 - 942342669SphilipRule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 0 - 943342669SphilipRule Morocco 2024 only - Mar 10 3:00 -1:00 - 944342669SphilipRule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 0 - 945342669SphilipRule Morocco 2025 only - Feb 23 3:00 -1:00 - 946342669SphilipRule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 0 - 947342669SphilipRule Morocco 2026 only - Feb 15 3:00 -1:00 - 948342669SphilipRule Morocco 2026 only - Mar 22 2:00 0 - 949342669SphilipRule Morocco 2027 only - Feb 7 3:00 -1:00 - 950342669SphilipRule Morocco 2027 only - Mar 14 2:00 0 - 951342669SphilipRule Morocco 2028 only - Jan 23 3:00 -1:00 - 952342669SphilipRule Morocco 2028 only - Feb 27 2:00 0 - 953342669SphilipRule Morocco 2029 only - Jan 14 3:00 -1:00 - 954342669SphilipRule Morocco 2029 only - Feb 18 2:00 0 - 955342669SphilipRule Morocco 2029 only - Dec 30 3:00 -1:00 - 956342669SphilipRule Morocco 2030 only - Feb 10 2:00 0 - 957342669SphilipRule Morocco 2030 only - Dec 22 3:00 -1:00 - 958342669SphilipRule Morocco 2031 only - Jan 26 2:00 0 - 959342669SphilipRule Morocco 2031 only - Dec 14 3:00 -1:00 - 960342669SphilipRule Morocco 2032 only - Jan 18 2:00 0 - 961342669SphilipRule Morocco 2032 only - Nov 28 3:00 -1:00 - 962342669SphilipRule Morocco 2033 only - Jan 9 2:00 0 - 963342669SphilipRule Morocco 2033 only - Nov 20 3:00 -1:00 - 964342669SphilipRule Morocco 2033 only - Dec 25 2:00 0 - 965342669SphilipRule Morocco 2034 only - Nov 5 3:00 -1:00 - 966342669SphilipRule Morocco 2034 only - Dec 17 2:00 0 - 967342669SphilipRule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 28 3:00 -1:00 - 968342669SphilipRule Morocco 2035 only - Dec 2 2:00 0 - 969342669SphilipRule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 -1:00 - 970342669SphilipRule Morocco 2036 only - Nov 23 2:00 0 - 971342669SphilipRule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 -1:00 - 972342669SphilipRule Morocco 2037 only - Nov 15 2:00 0 - 973240457Sedwin 9742742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9752742SwollmanZone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 976339940Sphilip 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16 977339940Sphilip 1:00 - +01 1986 978342669Sphilip 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 979342669Sphilip 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 980257697Sedwin 98119878Swollman# Western Sahara 982257697Sedwin# 983257697Sedwin# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 984257697Sedwin# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 985257697Sedwin# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 986257697Sedwin# Morocco does. 987257697Sedwin# 988257697Sedwin# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 989257697Sedwin# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 990257697Sedwin# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 991257697Sedwin 992270817SpluknetZone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n 993316350Sbapt -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 994342669Sphilip 0:00 Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 28 3:00 995342669Sphilip 1:00 Morocco +01/+00 9968029Swollman 9972742Swollman# Mozambique 998273719Sedwin# 999273719Sedwin# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 1000273719Sedwin# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 1001316350Sbapt# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1002273719Sedwin# merely made it official? 1003273719Sedwin# 10042742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10052742SwollmanZone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 100630711Swollman 2:00 - CAT 1007273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 1008273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 1009273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 1010273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 1011273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 1012273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 1013273719SedwinLink Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 10142742Swollman 1015325160Sphilip 10162742Swollman# Namibia 1017169811Swollman 1018325160Sphilip# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 1019325160Sphilip# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 1020325160Sphilip# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 1021325160Sphilip# and includes this nugget: 1022325160Sphilip# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 1023325160Sphilip# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 1024325160Sphilip# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 1025325160Sphilip# Sunday 4 September 1994. 1026325160Sphilip 1027333313Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 1028333313Sphilip# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 1029333313Sphilip# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 1030333313Sphilip 1031273719Sedwin# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 1032273719Sedwin# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 1033169811Swollman# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1034169811Swollman# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1035169811Swollman# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1036169811Swollman# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1037169811Swollman# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1038169811Swollman# of the country. 1039240457Sedwin# 1040316350Sbapt# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 1041316350Sbapt# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 1042316350Sbapt# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 1043316350Sbapt# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1044316350Sbapt# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 1045325160Sphilip# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 1046169811Swollman 1047325160Sphilip# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 1048325160Sphilip# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 1049325160Sphilip# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1050325160Sphilip# This video is from the government decision: 1051325160Sphilip# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 1052325160Sphilip# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 1053325160Sphilip# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 1054325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 1055325160Sphilip 1056333313Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1057333313Sphilip# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1058333313Sphilip# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1059333313Sphilip# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1060333313Sphilip# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1061333313Sphilip# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1062333313Sphilip# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1063333313Sphilip# with Namibia's neighbors. 1064333313Sphilip 106520094Swollman# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1066333313Sphilip# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1067333313SphilipRule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1068333313SphilipRule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1069333313SphilipRule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1070333313Sphilip# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1071333313Sphilip#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1072333313Sphilip#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1073333313Sphilip#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1074333313Sphilip# End of rearguard section. 1075333313Sphilip 10762742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10772742SwollmanZone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1078316350Sbapt 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1079273719Sedwin 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1080273719Sedwin 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 108130711Swollman 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1082333313Sphilip# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1083333313Sphilip 2:00 Namibia %s 1084333313Sphilip# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1085333313Sphilip# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1086333313Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1087333313Sphilip# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1088333313Sphilip# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1089333313Sphilip# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1090333313Sphilip# 2:00 - CAT 1091333313Sphilip# End of rearguard section. 10922742Swollman 10932742Swollman# Niger 1094273719Sedwin# See Africa/Lagos. 10952742Swollman 10962742Swollman# Nigeria 10972742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10982742SwollmanZone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 109930711Swollman 1:00 - WAT 1100273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1101273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1102273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1103273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1104273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1105273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1106273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1107273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1108273719SedwinLink Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 11092742Swollman 1110270817Spluknet# R��union 11112742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1112273719SedwinZone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1113316350Sbapt 4:00 - +04 111443014Swollman# 1115270817Spluknet# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1116270817Spluknet# 1117270817Spluknet# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows. 111843014Swollman# The following information about them is taken from 1119270817Spluknet# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1120270817Spluknet# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 112158787Sru# We have no info about their time zone histories. 112243014Swollman# 112343014Swollman# Bassas da India - uninhabited 112443014Swollman# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 112543014Swollman# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 112643014Swollman# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 112743014Swollman# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 11282742Swollman 11292742Swollman# Rwanda 1130273719Sedwin# See Africa/Maputo. 11312742Swollman 11322742Swollman# St Helena 1133270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 113414343Swollman# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 113530711Swollman# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1136270817Spluknet# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 113758787Sru# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 113858787Sru# on GMT, says the CIA 1139270817Spluknet# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 114014343Swollman 1141270817Spluknet# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe 1142328476Sphilip 1143331663Sphilip# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1144331663Sphilip 1145328476Sphilip# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1146328476Sphilip# Multiple sources tell that S��o Tom�� changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1147328476Sphilip# they entered the year 2018. 1148328476Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1149328476Sphilip# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1150328476Sphilip# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1151328476Sphilip 1152342669Sphilip# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29): 1153342669Sphilip# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019: 1154342669Sphilip# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/ 1155342669Sphilip# 1156342669Sphilip# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30): 1157342669Sphilip# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818 1158342669Sphilip# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal 1159342669Sphilip# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.] 1160342669Sphilip 1161328476SphilipZone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1162331663Sphilip -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1163328476Sphilip 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1164342669Sphilip 1:00 - WAT 2019 Jan 1 02:00 1165342669Sphilip 0:00 - GMT 1166328476Sphilip 11672742Swollman# Senegal 1168270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 11692742Swollman 11702742Swollman# Seychelles 11712742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1172273719SedwinZone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1173316350Sbapt 4:00 - +04 117486222Swollman# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 117586222Swollman# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 117686222Swollman# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 117786222Swollman# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 117886222Swollman# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 117986222Swollman# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 11802742Swollman 11812742Swollman# Sierra Leone 1182270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 11832742Swollman 11842742Swollman# Somalia 1185274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 11862742Swollman 11872742Swollman# South Africa 11882742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118930711SwollmanRule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 11902742SwollmanRule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 11912742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11922742SwollmanZone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 119330711Swollman 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 119430711Swollman 2:00 SA SAST 1195273719SedwinLink Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1196345671SphilipLink Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Eswatini 1197273719Sedwin# 119830711Swollman# Marion and Prince Edward Is 119958787Sru# scientific station since 1947 12002742Swollman# no information 12012742Swollman 12022742Swollman# Sudan 1203325160Sphilip 1204270817Spluknet# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1205270817Spluknet# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1206270817Spluknet# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 120758787Sru# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 120858787Sru# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 120958787Sru# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1210325160Sphilip 1211325160Sphilip# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1212325160Sphilip# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1213325160Sphilip# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 121458787Sru# 1215325160Sphilip# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1216325160Sphilip# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1217325160Sphilip# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1218325160Sphilip# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1219325160Sphilip# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1220325160Sphilip 12212742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 122219878SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 122314343SwollmanRule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 122419878SwollmanRule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 122519878SwollmanRule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 12262742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12272742SwollmanZone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 122858787Sru 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1229325160Sphilip 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1230325160Sphilip 2:00 - CAT 12312742Swollman 1232226289Sedwin# South Sudan 1233325160Sphilip# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1234325160SphilipZone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1235325160Sphilip 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1236325160Sphilip 3:00 - EAT 1237226289Sedwin 12382742Swollman# Tanzania 1239274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 12402742Swollman 12412742Swollman# Togo 1242270817Spluknet# See Africa/Abidjan. 12432742Swollman 12442742Swollman# Tunisia 1245149514Swollman 1246149514Swollman# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1247270817Spluknet# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1248149514Swollman# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1249149514Swollman# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1250149514Swollman# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1251149514Swollman# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1252149514Swollman# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1253149514Swollman# Saturday." (My translation) 1254149514Swollman# 1255149514Swollman# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1256270817Spluknet# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1257273719Sedwin# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1258149514Swollman# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1259149514Swollman# 1h standard time. 1260158421Swollman# 1261158421Swollman# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1262158421Swollman# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1263158421Swollman# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1264158421Swollman# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1265158421Swollman# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1266149514Swollman 1267190372Sedwin# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1268190372Sedwin# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1269190372Sedwin# (Arabic) 1270190372Sedwin# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1271325160Sphilip# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1272190372Sedwin# 1273190372Sedwin# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1274190372Sedwin# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1275325160Sphilip# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1276190372Sedwin 1277190372Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1278190372Sedwin# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1279190372Sedwin# 1280190372Sedwin# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1281190372Sedwin# 1282190372Sedwin# (in English) 1283190372Sedwin# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1284190372Sedwin# 1285190372Sedwin# (in Arabic) 1286190372Sedwin# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1287190372Sedwin 1288270817Spluknet# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1289270817Spluknet# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1290270817Spluknet# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1291270817Spluknet# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1292270817Spluknet# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1293270817Spluknet# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1294190372Sedwin 1295206868Sedwin# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1296206868Sedwin# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1297206868Sedwin# 1298206868Sedwin# (translation): 1299206868Sedwin# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1300206868Sedwin# Sunday... 1301206868Sedwin# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1302206868Sedwin# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1303206868Sedwin# 1304206868Sedwin# (in Arabic) 1305206868Sedwin# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1306206868Sedwin# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1307206868Sedwin# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1308206868Sedwin 13092742Swollman# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 13112742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 131219878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 13132742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 131419878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 13152742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 131619878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 13172742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 131819878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 13192742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 132019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 13212742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 13222742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 132319878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 13242742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 132519878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 13262742SwollmanRule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 132719878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 132820094SwollmanRule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 132919878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 133019878SwollmanRule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1331149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1332149514SwollmanRule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1333190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1334190372SedwinRule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1335206868Sedwin 1336158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1337158421Swollman# more precise 0:09:21. 1338158421Swollman# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 13392742Swollman# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 13402742SwollmanZone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1341273719Sedwin 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 134219878Swollman 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 13432742Swollman 13442742Swollman# Uganda 1345274563Sedwin# See Africa/Nairobi. 13462742Swollman 13472742Swollman# Zambia 13482742Swollman# Zimbabwe 1349273719Sedwin# See Africa/Maputo. 1350