UPDATING revision 268399
1Updating Information for FreeBSD current users
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <imp@freebsd.org>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/makeworld.html
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before running portupgrade.
13
14NOTE: FreeBSD has switched from gcc to clang. If you have trouble bootstrapping
15from older versions of FreeBSD, try WITHOUT_CLANG to bootstrap to the tip of
16stable/10, and then rebuild without this option. The bootstrap process from
17older version of current is a bit fragile.
18
1920140708:
20	The WITHOUT_VT_SUPPORT kernel config knob has been renamed
21	WITHOUT_VT.  (The other _SUPPORT knobs have a consistent meaning
22	which differs from the behaviour controlled by this knob.)
23
2420140608:
25	On i386 and amd64 systems, the onifconsole flag is now set by default
26	in /etc/ttys for ttyu0. This causes ttyu0 to be automatically enabled
27	as a login TTY if it is set in the bootloader as an active kernel
28	console. No changes in behavior should result otherwise. To revert to
29	the previous behavior, set ttyu0 to "off" in /etc/ttys.
30
3120140512:
32	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4.1 release.
33
3420140321:
35	Clang and llvm have been upgraded to 3.4 release.
36
3720140306:
38	If a Makefile in a tests/ directory was auto-generating a Kyuafile
39	instead of providing an explicit one, this would prevent such
40	Makefile from providing its own Kyuafile in the future during
41	NO_CLEAN builds.  This has been fixed in the Makefiles but manual
42	intervention is needed to clean an objdir if you use NO_CLEAN:
43	  # find /usr/obj -name Kyuafile | xargs rm -f
44
4520140303:
46	OpenSSH will now ignore errors caused by kernel lacking of Capsicum
47	capability mode support.  Please note that enabling the feature in
48	kernel is still highly recommended.
49
5020140227:
51	OpenSSH is now built with sandbox support, and will use sandbox as
52	the default privilege separation method.  This requires Capsicum
53	capability mode support in kernel.
54
5520140216:
56	The nve(4) driver for NVIDIA nForce MCP Ethernet adapters has
57	been deprecated and will not be part of FreeBSD 11.0 and later
58	releases.  If you use this driver, please consider switching to
59	the nfe(4) driver instead.
60
6120140120:
62	10.0-RELEASE.
63
6420131216:
65	The behavior of gss_pseudo_random() for the krb5 mechanism
66	has changed, for applications requesting a longer random string
67	than produced by the underlying enctype's pseudo-random() function.
68	In particular, the random string produced from a session key of
69	enctype aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 or aes256-cts-hmac-sha1-96 will
70	be different at the 17th octet and later, after this change.
71	The counter used in the PRF+ construction is now encoded as a
72	big-endian integer in accordance with RFC 4402.
73	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000701.
74
7520131108:
76	The WITHOUT_ATF build knob has been removed and its functionality
77	has been subsumed into the more generic WITHOUT_TESTS.  If you were
78	using the former to disable the build of the ATF libraries, you
79	should change your settings to use the latter.
80
8120131031:
82	The default version of mtree is nmtree which is obtained from
83	NetBSD.  The output is generally the same, but may vary
84	slightly.  If you found you need identical output adding
85	"-F freebsd9" to the command line should do the trick.  For the
86	time being, the old mtree is available as fmtree.
87
8820131014:
89	libbsdyml has been renamed to libyaml and moved to /usr/lib/private.
90	This will break ports-mgmt/pkg. Rebuild the port, or upgrade to pkg
91	1.1.4_8 and verify bsdyml not linked in, before running "make
92	delete-old-libs":
93	  # make -C /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg build deinstall install clean
94	  or
95	  # pkg install pkg; ldd /usr/local/sbin/pkg | grep bsdyml
96
9720131010:
98	The rc.d/jail script has been updated to support jail(8)
99	configuration file.  The "jail_<jname>_*" rc.conf(5) variables
100	for per-jail configuration are automatically converted to
101	/var/run/jail.<jname>.conf before the jail(8) utility is invoked.
102	This is transparently backward compatible.  See below about some
103	incompatibilities and rc.conf(5) manual page for more details.
104
105	These variables are now deprecated in favor of jail(8) configuration
106	file.  One can use "rc.d/jail config <jname>" command to generate
107	a jail(8) configuration file in /var/run/jail.<jname>.conf without
108	running the jail(8) utility.   The default pathname of the
109	configuration file is /etc/jail.conf and can be specified by
110	using $jail_conf or $jail_<jname>_conf variables.
111
112	Please note that jail_devfs_ruleset accepts an integer at
113	this moment.  Please consider to rewrite the ruleset name
114	with an integer.
115
11620130930:
117	BIND has been removed from the base system.  If all you need
118	is a local resolver, simply enable and start the local_unbound
119	service instead.  Otherwise, several versions of BIND are
120	available in the ports tree.   The dns/bind99 port is one example.
121
122	With this change, nslookup(1) and dig(1) are no longer in the base
123	system.  Users should instead use host(1) and drill(1) which are
124	in the base system.  Alternatively, nslookup and dig can
125	be obtained by installing the dns/bind-tools port.
126
12720130916:
128	With the addition of unbound(8), a new unbound user is now
129	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
130	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
131
13220130911:
133	OpenSSH is now built with DNSSEC support, and will by default
134	silently trust signed SSHFP records.  This can be controlled with
135	the VerifyHostKeyDNS client configuration setting.  DNSSEC support
136	can be disabled entirely with the WITHOUT_LDNS option in src.conf.
137
13820130906:
139	The GNU Compiler Collection and C++ standard library (libstdc++)
140	are no longer built by default on platforms where clang is the system
141	compiler.  You can enable them with the WITH_GCC and WITH_GNUCXX
142	options in src.conf.  
143
14420130905:
145	The PROCDESC kernel option is now part of the GENERIC kernel
146	configuration and is required for the rwhod(8) to work.
147	If you are using custom kernel configuration, you should include
148	'options PROCDESC'.
149
15020130905:
151	The API and ABI related to the Capsicum framework was modified
152	in backward incompatible way. The userland libraries and programs
153	have to be recompiled to work with the new kernel. This includes the
154	following libraries and programs, but the whole buildworld is
155	advised: libc, libprocstat, dhclient, tcpdump, hastd, hastctl,
156	kdump, procstat, rwho, rwhod, uniq.
157
15820130903:
159	AES-NI intrinsic support has been added to gcc.  The AES-NI module
160	has been updated to use this support.  A new gcc is required to build
161	the aesni module on both i386 and amd64.
162
16320130821:
164	The PADLOCK_RNG and RDRAND_RNG kernel options are now devices.
165	Thus "device padlock_rng" and "device rdrand_rng" should be
166	used instead of "options PADLOCK_RNG" & "options RDRAND_RNG".
167
16820130813:
169	WITH_ICONV has been split into two feature sets.  WITH_ICONV now
170	enables just the iconv* functionality and is now on by default.
171	WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT enables the libiconv api and link time
172	compatability.  Set WITHOUT_ICONV to build the old way.
173	If you have been using WITH_ICONV before, you will very likely
174	need to turn on WITH_LIBICONV_COMPAT.
175
17620130806:
177	INVARIANTS option now enables DEBUG for code with OpenSolaris and
178	Illumos origin, including ZFS.  If you have INVARIANTS in your
179	kernel configuration, then there is no need to set DEBUG or ZFS_DEBUG
180	explicitly.
181	DEBUG used to enable witness(9) tracking of OpenSolaris (mostly ZFS)
182	locks if WITNESS option was set.  Because that generated a lot of
183	witness(9) reports and all of them were believed to be false
184	positives, this is no longer done.  New option OPENSOLARIS_WITNESS
185	can be used to achieve the previous behavior.
186
18720130806:
188	Timer values in IPv6 data structures now use time_uptime instead
189	of time_second.  Although this is not a user-visible functional
190	change, userland utilities which directly use them---ndp(8),
191	rtadvd(8), and rtsold(8) in the base system---need to be updated
192	to r253970 or later.
193
19420130802:
195	find -delete can now delete the pathnames given as arguments,
196	instead of only files found below them or if the pathname did
197	not contain any slashes. Formerly, the following error message
198	would result:
199
200	find: -delete: <path>: relative path potentially not safe
201
202	Deleting the pathnames given as arguments can be prevented
203	without error messages using -mindepth 1 or by changing
204	directory and passing "." as argument to find. This works in the
205	old as well as the new version of find.
206
20720130726:
208	Behavior of devfs rules path matching has been changed.
209	Pattern is now always matched against fully qualified devfs
210	path and slash characters must be explicitly matched by
211	slashes in pattern (FNM_PATHNAME). Rulesets involving devfs
212	subdirectories must be reviewed.
213
21420130716:
215	The default ARM ABI has changed to the ARM EABI. The old ABI is
216	incompatible with the ARM EABI and all programs and modules will
217	need to be rebuilt to work with a new kernel.
218
219	To keep using the old ABI ensure the WITHOUT_ARM_EABI knob is set.
220
221	NOTE: Support for the old ABI will be removed in the future and
222	users are advised to upgrade.
223
22420130709:
225	pkg_install has been disconnected from the build if you really need it
226	you should add WITH_PKGTOOLS in your src.conf(5).
227
22820130709:
229	Most of network statistics structures were changed to be able
230	keep 64-bits counters. Thus all tools, that work with networking
231	statistics, must be rebuilt (netstat(1), bsnmpd(1), etc.)
232
23320130629:
234	Fix targets that run multiple make's to use && rather than ;
235	so that subsequent steps depend on success of previous.
236
237	NOTE: if building 'universe' with -j* on stable/8 or stable/9
238	it would be better to start the build using bmake, to avoid
239	overloading the machine.
240
24120130618:
242	Fix a bug that allowed a tracing process (e.g. gdb) to write
243	to a memory-mapped file in the traced process's address space
244	even if neither the traced process nor the tracing process had
245	write access to that file.
246
24720130615:
248	CVS has been removed from the base system.  An exact copy
249	of the code is available from the devel/cvs port.
250
25120130613:
252	Some people report the following error after the switch to bmake:
253
254		make: illegal option -- J
255		usage: make [-BPSXeiknpqrstv] [-C directory] [-D variable]
256			...
257		*** [buildworld] Error code 2
258
259	this likely due to an old instance of make in
260	${MAKEPATH} (${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}/make.${MACHINE})
261	which src/Makefile will use that blindly, if it exists, so if
262	you see the above error:
263
264		rm -rf `make -V MAKEPATH`
265
266	should resolve it.
267
26820130516:
269	Use bmake by default.
270	Whereas before one could choose to build with bmake via
271	-DWITH_BMAKE one must now use -DWITHOUT_BMAKE to use the old
272	make. The goal is to remove these knobs for 10-RELEASE.
273
274	It is worth noting that bmake (like gmake) treats the command
275	line as the unit of failure, rather than statements within the
276	command line.  Thus '(cd some/where && dosomething)' is safer
277	than 'cd some/where; dosomething'. The '()' allows consistent
278	behavior in parallel build.
279
28020130429:
281        Fix a bug that allows NFS clients to issue READDIR on files.
282
28320130426:
284	The WITHOUT_IDEA option has been removed because
285	the IDEA patent expired.
286
28720130426:
288	The sysctl which controls TRIM support under ZFS has been renamed
289	from vfs.zfs.trim_disable -> vfs.zfs.trim.enabled and has been
290	enabled by default.
291
29220130425:
293	The mergemaster command now uses the default MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX
294	rather than creating it's own in the temporary directory in
295	order allow access to bootstrapped versions of tools such as
296	install and mtree.  When upgrading from version of FreeBSD where
297	the install command does not support -l, you will need to
298	install a new mergemaster command if mergemaster -p is required.
299	This can be accomplished with the command (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster
300	&& make install).
301
30220130404:
303	Legacy ATA stack, disabled and replaced by new CAM-based one since
304	FreeBSD 9.0, completely removed from the sources.  Kernel modules
305	atadisk and atapi*, user-level tools atacontrol and burncd are
306	removed.  Kernel option `options ATA_CAM` is now permanently enabled
307	and removed.
308
30920130319:
310	SOCK_CLOEXEC and SOCK_NONBLOCK flags have been added to socket(2)
311	and socketpair(2). Software, in particular Kerberos, may
312	automatically detect and use these during building. The resulting
313	binaries will not work on older kernels.
314
31520130308:
316	CTL_DISABLE has also been added to the sparc64 GENERIC (for further
317	information, see the respective 20130304 entry).
318
31920130304:
320	Recent commits to callout(9) changed the size of struct callout,
321	so the KBI is probably heavily disturbed. Also, some functions
322	in callout(9)/sleep(9)/sleepqueue(9)/condvar(9) KPIs were replaced
323	by macros. Every kernel module using it won't load, so rebuild
324	is requested.
325
326	The ctl device has been re-enabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64,
327	but does not initialize by default (because of the new CTL_DISABLE
328	option) to save memory.  To re-enable it, remove the CTL_DISABLE
329	option from the kernel config file or set kern.cam.ctl.disable=0
330	in /boot/loader.conf.
331
33220130301:
333	The ctl device has been disabled in GENERIC for i386 and amd64.
334	This was done due to the extra memory being allocated at system
335	initialisation time by the ctl driver which was only used if
336	a CAM target device was created.  This makes a FreeBSD system
337	unusable on 128MB or less of RAM.
338
33920130208:
340	A new compression method (lz4) has been merged to -HEAD.  Please
341	refer to zpool-features(7) for more information.
342
343	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
344	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
345
34620130129:
347	A BSD-licensed patch(1) variant has been added and is installed
348	as bsdpatch, being the GNU version the default patch.
349	To inverse the logic and use the BSD-licensed one as default,
350	while having the GNU version installed as gnupatch, rebuild
351	and install world with the WITH_BSD_PATCH knob set.
352
35320130121:
354	Due to the use of the new -l option to install(1) during build
355	and install, you must take care not to directly set the INSTALL
356	make variable in your /etc/make.conf, /etc/src.conf, or on the
357	command line.  If you wish to use the -C flag for all installs
358	you may be able to add INSTALL+=-C to /etc/make.conf or
359	/etc/src.conf.
360
36120130118:
362	The install(1) option -M has changed meaning and now takes an
363	argument that is a file or path to append logs to.  In the
364	unlikely event that -M was the last option on the command line
365	and the command line contained at least two files and a target
366	directory the first file will have logs appended to it.  The -M
367	option served little practical purpose in the last decade so its
368	use is expected to be extremely rare.
369
37020121223:
371	After switching to Clang as the default compiler some users of ZFS
372	on i386 systems started to experience stack overflow kernel panics.
373	Please consider using 'options KSTACK_PAGES=4' in such configurations.
374
37520121222:
376	GEOM_LABEL now mangles label names read from file system metadata.
377	Mangling affect labels containing spaces, non-printable characters,
378	'%' or '"'. Device names in /etc/fstab and other places may need to
379	be updated.
380
38120121217:
382	By default, only the 10 most recent kernel dumps will be saved.  To
383	restore the previous behaviour (no limit on the number of kernel dumps
384	stored in the dump directory) add the following line to /etc/rc.conf:
385
386		savecore_flags=""
387
38820121201:
389	With the addition of auditdistd(8), a new auditdistd user is now
390	required during installworld.  "mergemaster -p" can be used to
391	add the user prior to installworld, as documented in the handbook.
392
39320121117:
394	The sin6_scope_id member variable in struct sockaddr_in6 is now
395	filled by the kernel before passing the structure to the userland via
396	sysctl or routing socket.  This means the KAME-specific embedded scope
397	id in sin6_addr.s6_addr[2] is always cleared in userland application.
398	This behavior can be controlled by net.inet6.ip6.deembed_scopeid.
399	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 1000025.
400
40120121105:
402	On i386 and amd64 systems WITH_CLANG_IS_CC is now the default.
403	This means that the world and kernel will be compiled with clang
404	and that clang will be installed as /usr/bin/cc, /usr/bin/c++,
405	and /usr/bin/cpp.  To disable this behavior and revert to building
406	with gcc, compile with WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC. Really old versions
407	of current may need to bootstrap WITHOUT_CLANG first if the clang
408	build fails (its compatibility window doesn't extend to the 9 stable
409	branch point).
410
41120121102:
412	The IPFIREWALL_FORWARD kernel option has been removed. Its
413	functionality now turned on by default.
414
41520121023:
416	The ZERO_COPY_SOCKET kernel option has been removed and
417	split into SOCKET_SEND_COW and SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP.
418	NB: SOCKET_SEND_COW uses the VM page based copy-on-write
419	mechanism which is not safe and may result in kernel crashes.
420	NB: The SOCKET_RECV_PFLIP mechanism is useless as no current
421	driver supports disposeable external page sized mbuf storage.
422	Proper replacements for both zero-copy mechanisms are under
423	consideration and will eventually lead to complete removal
424	of the two kernel options.
425
42620121023:
427	The IPv4 network stack has been converted to network byte
428	order. The following modules need to be recompiled together
429	with kernel: carp(4), divert(4), gif(4), siftr(4), gre(4),
430	pf(4), ipfw(4), ng_ipfw(4), stf(4).
431
43220121022:
433	Support for non-MPSAFE filesystems was removed from VFS. The
434	VFS_VERSION was bumped, all filesystem modules shall be
435	recompiled.
436
43720121018:
438	All the non-MPSAFE filesystems have been disconnected from
439	the build. The full list includes: codafs, hpfs, ntfs, nwfs,
440	portalfs, smbfs, xfs.
441
44220121016:
443	The interface cloning API and ABI has changed. The following
444	modules need to be recompiled together with kernel:
445	ipfw(4), pfsync(4), pflog(4), usb(4), wlan(4), stf(4),
446	vlan(4), disc(4), edsc(4), if_bridge(4), gif(4), tap(4),
447	faith(4), epair(4), enc(4), tun(4), if_lagg(4), gre(4).
448
44920121015:
450	The sdhci driver was split in two parts: sdhci (generic SD Host
451	Controller logic) and sdhci_pci (actual hardware driver).
452	No kernel config modifications are required, but if you
453	load sdhc as a module you must switch to sdhci_pci instead.
454
45520121014:
456	Import the FUSE kernel and userland support into base system.
457
45820121013:
459	The GNU sort(1) program has been removed since the BSD-licensed
460	sort(1) has been the default for quite some time and no serious
461	problems have been reported.  The corresponding WITH_GNU_SORT
462	knob has also gone.
463
46420121006:
465	The pfil(9) API/ABI for AF_INET family has been changed. Packet
466	filtering modules: pf(4), ipfw(4), ipfilter(4) need to be recompiled
467	with new kernel.
468
46920121001:
470	The net80211(4) ABI has been changed to allow for improved driver
471	PS-POLL and power-save support.  All wireless drivers need to be
472	recompiled to work with the new kernel.
473
47420120913:
475	The random(4) support for the VIA hardware random number
476	generator (`PADLOCK') is no longer enabled unconditionally.
477	Add the padlock_rng device in the custom kernel config if
478	needed.  The GENERIC kernels on i386 and amd64 do include the
479	device, so the change only affects the custom kernel
480	configurations.
481
48220120908:
483	The pf(4) packet filter ABI has been changed. pfctl(8) and
484	snmp_pf module need to be recompiled to work with new kernel.
485
48620120828:
487	A new ZFS feature flag "com.delphix:empty_bpobj" has been merged
488	to -HEAD. Pools that have empty_bpobj in active state can not be
489	imported read-write with ZFS implementations that do not support
490	this feature. For more information read the zpool-features(5)
491	manual page.
492
49320120727:
494	The sparc64 ZFS loader has been changed to no longer try to auto-
495	detect ZFS providers based on diskN aliases but now requires these
496	to be explicitly listed in the OFW boot-device environment variable. 
497
49820120712:
499	The OpenSSL has been upgraded to 1.0.1c.  Any binaries requiring
500	libcrypto.so.6 or libssl.so.6 must be recompiled.  Also, there are
501	configuration changes.  Make sure to merge /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.
502
50320120712:
504	The following sysctls and tunables have been renamed for consistency
505	with other variables:
506	  kern.cam.da.da_send_ordered   -> kern.cam.da.send_ordered
507	  kern.cam.ada.ada_send_ordered -> kern.cam.ada.send_ordered
508
50920120628:
510	The sort utility has been replaced with BSD sort.  For now, GNU sort
511	is also available as "gnusort" or the default can be set back to
512	GNU sort by setting WITH_GNU_SORT.  In this case, BSD sort will be
513	installed as "bsdsort".
514
51520120611:
516	A new version of ZFS (pool version 5000) has been merged to -HEAD.
517	Starting with this version the old system of ZFS pool versioning
518	is superseded by "feature flags". This concept enables forward
519	compatibility against certain future changes in functionality of ZFS
520	pools. The first read-only compatible "feature flag" for ZFS pools
521	is named "com.delphix:async_destroy". For more information
522	read the new zpool-features(5) manual page.
523	Please refer to the "ZFS notes" section of this file for information
524	on upgrading boot ZFS pools.
525
52620120417:
527	The malloc(3) implementation embedded in libc now uses sources imported
528	as contrib/jemalloc.  The most disruptive API change is to
529	/etc/malloc.conf.  If your system has an old-style /etc/malloc.conf,
530	delete it prior to installworld, and optionally re-create it using the
531	new format after rebooting.  See malloc.conf(5) for details
532	(specifically the TUNING section and the "opt.*" entries in the MALLCTL
533	NAMESPACE section).
534
53520120328:
536	Big-endian MIPS TARGET_ARCH values no longer end in "eb".  mips64eb
537	is now spelled mips64.  mipsn32eb is now spelled mipsn32.  mipseb is
538	now spelled mips.  This is to aid compatibility with third-party
539	software that expects this naming scheme in uname(3).  Little-endian
540	settings are unchanged. If you are updating a big-endian mips64 machine
541	from before this change, you may need to set MACHINE_ARCH=mips64 in
542	your environment before the new build system will recognize your machine.
543
54420120306:
545	Disable by default the option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE for all supported
546	platforms.
547
54820120229:
549	Now unix domain sockets behave "as expected" on	nullfs(5). Previously
550	nullfs(5) did not pass through all behaviours to the underlying layer,
551	as a result if we bound to a socket on the lower layer we could connect
552	only to the lower path; if we bound to the upper layer we could connect
553	only to	the upper path. The new behavior is one can connect to both the
554	lower and the upper paths regardless what layer path one binds to.
555
55620120211:
557	The getifaddrs upgrade path broken with 20111215 has been restored.
558	If you have upgraded in between 20111215 and 20120209 you need to
559	recompile libc again with your kernel.  You still need to recompile
560	world to be able to configure CARP but this restriction already
561	comes from 20111215.
562
56320120114:
564	The set_rcvar() function has been removed from /etc/rc.subr.  All
565	base and ports rc.d scripts have been updated, so if you have a
566	port installed with a script in /usr/local/etc/rc.d you can either
567	hand-edit the rcvar= line, or reinstall the port.
568
569	An easy way to handle the mass-update of /etc/rc.d:
570	rm /etc/rc.d/* && mergemaster -i
571
57220120109:
573	panic(9) now stops other CPUs in the SMP systems, disables interrupts
574	on the current CPU and prevents other threads from running.
575	This behavior can be reverted using the kern.stop_scheduler_on_panic
576	tunable/sysctl.
577	The new behavior can be incompatible with kern.sync_on_panic.
578
57920111215:
580	The carp(4) facility has been changed significantly. Configuration
581	of the CARP protocol via ifconfig(8) has changed, as well as format
582	of CARP events submitted to devd(8) has changed. See manual pages
583	for more information. The arpbalance feature of carp(4) is currently
584	not supported anymore.
585
586	Size of struct in_aliasreq, struct in6_aliasreq has changed. User
587	utilities using SIOCAIFADDR, SIOCAIFADDR_IN6, e.g. ifconfig(8),
588	need to be recompiled.
589
59020111122:
591	The acpi_wmi(4) status device /dev/wmistat has been renamed to
592	/dev/wmistat0.
593
59420111108:
595	The option VFS_ALLOW_NONMPSAFE option has been added in order to
596	explicitely support non-MPSAFE filesystems.
597	It is on by default for all supported platform at this present
598	time.
599
60020111101:
601	The broken amd(4) driver has been replaced with esp(4) in the amd64,
602	i386 and pc98 GENERIC kernel configuration files.
603
60420110930:
605	sysinstall has been removed
606
60720110923:
608	The stable/9 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
609	RELENG_9 branch in CVS.
610
61120110913:
612	This commit modifies vfs_register() so that it uses a hash
613	calculation to set vfc_typenum, which is enabled by default.
614	The first time a system is booted after this change, the
615	vfc_typenum values will change for all file systems. The
616	main effect of this is a change to the NFS server file handles
617	for file systems that use vfc_typenum in their fsid, such as ZFS.
618	It will, however, prevent vfc_typenum from changing when file
619	systems are loaded in a different order for subsequent reboots.
620	To disable this, you can set vfs.typenumhash=0 in /boot/loader.conf
621	until you are ready to remount all NFS clients after a reboot.
622
62320110828:
624	Bump the shared library version numbers for libraries that
625	do not use symbol versioning, have changed the ABI compared
626	to stable/8 and which shared library version was not bumped.
627	Done as part of 9.0-RELEASE cycle.
628
62920110815:
630	During the merge of Capsicum features, the fget(9) KPI was modified.
631	This may require the rebuilding of out-of-tree device drivers --
632	issues have been reported specifically with the nVidia device driver.
633	__FreeBSD_version is bumped to 900041.
634
635	Also, there is a period between 20110811 and 20110814 where the
636	special devices /dev/{stdin,stdout,stderr} did not work correctly.
637	Building world from a kernel during that window may not work.
638
63920110628:
640	The packet filter (pf) code has been updated to OpenBSD 4.5.
641	You need to update userland tools to be in sync with kernel.
642	This update breaks backward compatibility with earlier pfsync(4)
643	versions.  Care must be taken when updating redundant firewall setups.
644
64520110608:
646	The following sysctls and tunables are retired on x86 platforms:
647		machdep.hlt_cpus
648		machdep.hlt_logical_cpus
649	The following sysctl is retired:
650		machdep.hyperthreading_allowed
651	The sysctls were supposed to provide a way to dynamically offline and
652	online selected CPUs on x86 platforms, but the implementation has not
653	been reliable especially with SCHED_ULE scheduler.
654	machdep.hyperthreading_allowed tunable is still available to ignore
655	hyperthreading CPUs at OS level.
656	Individual CPUs can be disabled using hint.lapic.X.disabled tunable,
657	where X is an APIC ID of a CPU.  Be advised, though, that disabling
658	CPUs in non-uniform fashion will result in non-uniform topology and
659	may lead to sub-optimal system performance with SCHED_ULE, which is
660	a default scheduler.
661
66220110607:
663	cpumask_t type is retired and cpuset_t is used in order to describe
664	a mask of CPUs.
665
66620110531:
667	Changes to ifconfig(8) for dynamic address family detection mandate
668	that you are running a kernel of 20110525 or later.  Make sure to
669	follow the update procedure to boot a new kernel before installing
670	world.
671
67220110513:
673	Support for sun4v architecture is officially dropped
674
67520110503:
676	Several KPI breaking changes have been committed to the mii(4) layer,
677	the PHY drivers and consequently some Ethernet drivers using mii(4).
678	This means that miibus.ko and the modules of the affected Ethernet
679	drivers need to be recompiled.
680
681	Note to kernel developers: Given that the OUI bit reversion problem
682	was fixed as part of these changes all mii(4) commits related to OUIs,
683	i.e. to sys/dev/mii/miidevs, PHY driver probing and vendor specific
684	handling, no longer can be merged verbatim to stable/8 and previous
685	branches.
686
68720110430:
688	Users of the Atheros AR71xx SoC code now need to add 'device ar71xx_pci'
689	into their kernel configurations along with 'device pci'.
690
69120110427:
692	The default NFS client is now the new NFS client, so fstype "newnfs"
693	is now "nfs" and the regular/old NFS client is now fstype "oldnfs".
694	Although mounts via fstype "nfs" will usually work without userland
695	changes, it is recommended that the mount(8) and mount_nfs(8)
696	commands be rebuilt from sources and that a link to mount_nfs called
697	mount_oldnfs be created. The new client is compiled into the
698	kernel with "options NFSCL" and this is needed for diskless root
699	file systems. The GENERIC kernel configs have been changed to use
700	NFSCL and NFSD (the new server) instead of NFSCLIENT and NFSSERVER.
701	To use the regular/old client, you can "mount -t oldnfs ...". For
702	a diskless root file system, you must also include a line like:
703	
704	vfs.root.mountfrom="oldnfs:"
705
706	in the boot/loader.conf on the root fs on the NFS server to make
707	a diskless root fs use the old client.
708
70920110424:
710	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new
711	CAM-based ATA stack. It means that all legacy ATA drivers were
712	removed and replaced by respective CAM drivers. If you are using
713	ATA device names in /etc/fstab or other places, make sure to update
714	them respectively (adX -> adaY, acdX -> cdY, afdX -> daY, astX -> saY,
715	where 'Y's are the sequential numbers starting from zero for each type
716	in order of detection, unless configured otherwise with tunables,
717	see cam(4)). There will be symbolic links created in /dev/ to map
718	old adX devices to the respective adaY. They should provide basic
719	compatibility for file systems mounting in most cases, but they do
720	not support old user-level APIs and do not have respective providers
721	in GEOM. Consider using updated management tools with new device names.
722
723	It is possible to load devices ahci, ata, siis and mvs as modules,
724	but option ATA_CAM should remain in kernel configuration to make ata
725	module work as CAM driver supporting legacy ATA controllers. Device ata
726	still can be used in modular fashion (atacore + ...). Modules atadisk
727	and atapi* are not used and won't affect operation in ATA_CAM mode.
728	Note that to use CAM-based ATA kernel should include CAM devices
729	scbus, pass, da (or explicitly ada), cd and optionally others. All of
730	them are parts of the cam module.
731
732	ataraid(4) functionality is now supported by the RAID GEOM class.
733	To use it you can load geom_raid kernel module and use graid(8) tool
734	for management. Instead of /dev/arX device names, use /dev/raid/rX.
735
736	No kernel config options or code have been removed, so if a problem
737	arises, please report it and optionally revert to the old ATA stack.
738	In order to do it you can remove from the kernel config:
739	    options        ATA_CAM
740	    device         ahci
741	    device         mvs
742	    device         siis
743	, and instead add back:
744	    device         atadisk         # ATA disk drives
745	    device         ataraid         # ATA RAID drives
746	    device         atapicd         # ATAPI CDROM drives
747	    device         atapifd         # ATAPI floppy drives
748	    device         atapist         # ATAPI tape drives
749
75020110423:
751	The default NFS server has been changed to the new server, which
752	was referred to as the experimental server. If you need to switch
753	back to the old NFS server, you must now put the "-o" option on
754	both the mountd and nfsd commands. This can be done using the
755	mountd_flags and nfs_server_flags rc.conf variables until an
756	update to the rc scripts is committed, which is coming soon.
757
75820110418:
759	The GNU Objective-C runtime library (libobjc), and other Objective-C
760	related components have been removed from the base system.  If you
761	require an Objective-C library, please use one of the available ports.
762
76320110331:
764	ath(4) has been split into bus- and device- modules. if_ath contains
765	the HAL, the TX rate control and the network device code. if_ath_pci
766	contains the PCI bus glue. For Atheros MIPS embedded systems, if_ath_ahb
767	contains the AHB glue. Users need to load both if_ath_pci and if_ath
768	in order to use ath on everything else.
769
770	TO REPEAT: if_ath_ahb is not needed for normal users. Normal users only
771	need to load if_ath and if_ath_pci for ath(4) operation.
772
77320110314:
774	As part of the replacement of sysinstall, the process of building
775	release media has changed significantly. For details, please re-read
776	release(7), which has been updated to reflect the new build process.
777
77820110218:
779	GNU binutils 2.17.50 (as of 2007-07-03) has been merged to -HEAD.  This
780	is the last available version under GPLv2.  It brings a number of new
781	features, such as support for newer x86 CPU's (with SSE-3, SSSE-3, SSE
782	4.1 and SSE 4.2), better support for powerpc64, a number of new
783	directives, and lots of other small improvements.  See the ChangeLog
784	file in contrib/binutils for the full details.
785
78620110218:
787	IPsec's HMAC_SHA256-512 support has been fixed to be RFC4868
788	compliant, and will now use half of hash for authentication.
789	This will break interoperability with all stacks (including all
790	actual FreeBSD versions) who implement
791	draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00 (they use 96 bits of hash for
792	authentication).
793	The only workaround with such peers is to use another HMAC
794	algorithm for IPsec ("phase 2") authentication.
795
79620110207:
797	Remove the uio_yield prototype and symbol.  This function has
798	been misnamed since it was introduced and should not be
799	globally exposed with this name.  The equivalent functionality
800	is now available using kern_yield(curthread->td_user_pri).
801	The function remains undocumented.
802
80320110112:
804	A SYSCTL_[ADD_]UQUAD was added for unsigned uint64_t pointers,
805	symmetric with the existing SYSCTL_[ADD_]QUAD.  Type checking
806	for scalar sysctls is defined but disabled.  Code that needs
807	UQUAD to pass the type checking that must compile on older
808	systems where the define is not present can check against
809	__FreeBSD_version >= 900030.
810
811	The system dialog(1) has been replaced with a new version previously
812	in ports as devel/cdialog. dialog(1) is mostly command-line compatible
813	with the previous version, but the libdialog associated with it has
814	a largely incompatible API. As such, the original version of libdialog
815	will be kept temporarily as libodialog, until its base system consumers
816	are replaced or updated. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900030.
817
81820110103:
819	If you are trying to run make universe on a -stable system, and you get
820	the following warning:
821	"Makefile", line 356: "Target architecture for i386/conf/GENERIC 
822	unknown.  config(8) likely too old."
823	or something similar to it, then you must upgrade your -stable system
824	to 8.2-Release or newer (really, any time after r210146 7/15/2010 in
825	stable/8) or build the config from the latest stable/8 branch and
826	install it on your system.
827
828	Prior to this date, building a current universe on 8-stable system from
829	between 7/15/2010 and 1/2/2011 would result in a weird shell parsing
830	error in the first kernel build phase.  A new config on those old 
831	systems will fix that problem for older versions of -current.
832
83320101228:
834	The TCP stack has been modified to allow Khelp modules to interact with
835	it via helper hook points and store per-connection data in the TCP
836	control block. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900029. User space tools that
837	rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to
838	be recompiled.
839
84020101114:
841	Generic IEEE 802.3 annex 31B full duplex flow control support has been
842	added to mii(4) and bge(4), bce(4), msk(4), nfe(4) and stge(4) along
843	with brgphy(4), e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy() have been converted
844	to take advantage of it instead of using custom implementations.  This
845	means that these drivers now no longer unconditionally advertise
846	support for flow control but only do so if flow control is a selected
847	media option.  This was implemented in the generic support that way in
848	order to allow flow control to be switched on and off via ifconfig(8)
849	with the PHY specific default to typically off in order to protect
850	from unwanted effects.  Consequently, if you used flow control with
851	one of the above mentioned drivers you now need to explicitly enable
852	it, for example via:
853		ifconfig bge0 media auto mediaopt flowcontrol
854
855	Along with the above mentioned changes generic support for setting
856	1000baseT master mode also has been added and brgphy(4), ciphy(4),
857	e1000phy(4) as well as ip1000phy(4) have been converted to take
858	advantage of it.  This means that these drivers now no longer take the
859	link0 parameter for selecting master mode but the master media option
860	has to be used instead, for example like in the following:
861		ifconfig bge0 media 1000baseT mediaopt full-duplex,master
862
863	Selection of master mode now is also available with all other PHY
864	drivers supporting 1000baseT.
865
86620101111:
867	The TCP stack has received a significant update to add support for
868	modularised congestion control and generally improve the clarity of
869	congestion control decisions. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 900025. User
870	space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in tcp_var.h (e.g.
871	sockstat) need to be recompiled.
872
87320101002:
874	The man(1) utility has been replaced by a new version that no longer
875	uses /etc/manpath.config. Please consult man.conf(5) for how to
876	migrate local entries to the new format.
877
87820100928:
879	The copyright strings printed by login(1) and sshd(8) at the time of a
880	new connection have been removed to follow other operating systems and
881	upstream sshd.
882
88320100915:
884	A workaround for a fixed ld bug has been removed in kernel code,
885	so make sure that your system ld is built from sources after
886	revision 210245 from 2010-07-19 (r211583 if building head kernel
887	on stable/8, r211584 for stable/7; both from 2010-08-21).
888	A symptom of incorrect ld version is different addresses for
889	set_pcpu section and __start_set_pcpu symbol in kernel and/or modules.
890
89120100913:
892	The $ipv6_prefer variable in rc.conf(5) has been split into
893	$ip6addrctl_policy and $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces.
894
895	The $ip6addrctl_policy is a variable to choose a pre-defined
896	address selection policy set by ip6addrctl(8).  A value
897	"ipv4_prefer", "ipv6_prefer" or "AUTO" can be specified.  The
898	default is "AUTO".
899
900	The $ipv6_activate_all_interfaces specifies whether IFDISABLED
901	flag (see an entry of 20090926) is set on an interface with no
902	corresponding $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 line.  The default is "NO" for
903	security reason.  If you want IPv6 link-local address on all
904	interfaces by default, set this to "YES".
905
906	The old ipv6_prefer="YES" is equivalent to
907	ipv6_activate_all_interfaces="YES" and
908	ip6addrctl_policy="ipv6_prefer".
909
91020100913:
911	DTrace has grown support for userland tracing. Due to this, DTrace is
912	now i386 and amd64 only.
913	dtruss(1) is now installed by default on those systems and a new
914	kernel module is needed for userland tracing: fasttrap.
915	No changes to your kernel config file are necessary to enable
916	userland tracing, but you might consider adding 'STRIP=' and
917	'CFLAGS+=-fno-omit-frame-pointer' to your make.conf if you want
918	to have informative userland stack traces in DTrace (ustack).
919
92020100725:
921	The acpi_aiboost(4) driver has been removed in favor of the new
922	aibs(4) driver. You should update your kernel configuration file.
923
92420100722:
925	BSD grep has been imported to the base system and it is built by
926	default.  It is completely BSD licensed, highly GNU-compatible, uses
927	less memory than its GNU counterpart and has a small codebase.
928	However, it is slower than its GNU counterpart, which is mostly
929	noticeable for larger searches, for smaller ones it is measurable
930	but not significant.  The reason is complex, the most important factor
931	is that we lack a modern and efficient regex library and GNU
932	overcomes this by optimizing the searches internally.  Future work
933	on improving the regex performance is planned, for the meantime,
934	users that need better performance, can build GNU grep instead by
935	setting the WITH_GNU_GREP knob.
936
93720100713:
938	Due to the import of powerpc64 support, all existing powerpc kernel
939	configuration files must be updated with a machine directive like this:
940	    machine powerpc powerpc
941
942	In addition, an updated config(8) is required to build powerpc kernels
943	after this change.
944
94520100713:
946	A new version of ZFS (version 15) has been merged to -HEAD.
947	This version uses a python library for the following subcommands:
948	zfs allow, zfs unallow, zfs groupspace, zfs userspace.
949	For full functionality of these commands the following port must
950	be installed: sysutils/py-zfs
951
95220100429:
953	'vm_page's are now hashed by physical address to an array of mutexes.
954	Currently this is only used to serialize access to hold_count. Over 
955	time the page queue mutex will be peeled away. This changes the size
956	of pmap on every architecture. And requires all callers of vm_page_hold
957	and vm_page_unhold to be updated. 
958 
95920100402:
960	WITH_CTF can now be specified in src.conf (not recommended, there
961	are some problems with static executables), make.conf (would also
962	affect ports which do not use GNU make and do not override the
963	compile targets) or in the kernel config (via "makeoptions
964	WITH_CTF=yes").
965	When WITH_CTF was specified there before this was silently ignored,
966	so make sure that WITH_CTF is not used in places which could lead
967	to unwanted behavior.
968
96920100311:
970	The kernel option COMPAT_IA32 has been replaced with COMPAT_FREEBSD32
971	to allow 32-bit compatibility on non-x86 platforms. All kernel
972	configurations on amd64 and ia64 platforms using these options must
973	be modified accordingly.
974
97520100113:
976	The utmp user accounting database has been replaced with utmpx,
977	the user accounting interface standardized by POSIX.
978	Unfortunately the semantics of utmp and utmpx don't match,
979	making it practically impossible to support both interfaces.
980	The user accounting database is used by tools like finger(1),
981	last(1), talk(1), w(1) and ac(8).
982
983	All applications in the base system use utmpx.  This means only
984	local binaries (e.g. from the ports tree) may still use these
985	utmp database files.  These applications must be rebuilt to make
986	use of utmpx.
987
988	After the system has been upgraded, it is safe to remove the old
989	log files (/var/run/utmp, /var/log/lastlog and /var/log/wtmp*),
990	assuming their contents is of no importance anymore.  Old wtmp
991	databases can only be used by last(1) and ac(8) after they have
992	been converted to the new format using wtmpcvt(1).
993
99420100108:
995	Introduce the kernel thread "deadlock resolver" (which can be enabled
996	via the DEADLKRES option, see NOTES for more details) and the
997	sleepq_type() function for sleepqueues.
998
99920091202:
1000	The rc.firewall and rc.firewall6 were unified, and
1001	rc.firewall6 and rc.d/ip6fw were removed.
1002	According to the removal of rc.d/ip6fw, ipv6_firewall_* rc
1003	variables are obsoleted.  Instead, the following new rc
1004	variables are added to rc.d/ipfw:
1005
1006		firewall_client_net_ipv6, firewall_simple_iif_ipv6,
1007		firewall_simple_inet_ipv6, firewall_simple_oif_ipv6,
1008		firewall_simple_onet_ipv6, firewall_trusted_ipv6
1009
1010	The meanings correspond to the relevant IPv4 variables.
1011
101220091125:
1013	8.0-RELEASE.
1014
101520091113:
1016	The default terminal emulation for syscons(4) has been changed
1017	from cons25 to xterm on all platforms except pc98.  This means
1018	that the /etc/ttys file needs to be updated to ensure correct
1019	operation of applications on the console.
1020
1021	The terminal emulation style can be toggled per window by using
1022	vidcontrol(1)'s -T flag.  The TEKEN_CONS25 kernel configuration
1023	options can be used to change the compile-time default back to
1024	cons25.
1025
1026	To prevent graphical artifacts, make sure the TERM environment
1027	variable is set to match the terminal emulation that is being
1028	performed by syscons(4).
1029
103020091109:
1031	The layout of the structure ieee80211req_scan_result has changed.
1032	Applications that require wireless scan results (e.g. ifconfig(8))
1033	from net80211 need to be recompiled.
1034
1035	Applications such as wpa_supplicant(8) may require a full world
1036	build without using NO_CLEAN in order to get synchronized with the
1037	new structure.
1038
103920091025:
1040	The iwn(4) driver has been updated to support the 5000 and 5150 series.
1041	There's one kernel module for each firmware. Adding "device iwnfw"
1042	to the kernel configuration file means including all three firmware
1043	images inside the kernel. If you want to include just the one for
1044	your wireless card, use the devices iwn4965fw, iwn5000fw or
1045	iwn5150fw.
1046
104720090926:
1048	The rc.d/network_ipv6, IPv6 configuration script has been integrated
1049	into rc.d/netif.  The changes are the following:
1050
1051	1. To use IPv6, simply define $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 like $ifconfig_IF
1052	   for IPv4.  For aliases, $ifconfig_IF_aliasN should be used.
1053	   Note that both variables need the "inet6" keyword at the head.
1054
1055	   Do not set $ipv6_network_interfaces manually if you do not
1056	   understand what you are doing.  It is not needed in most cases. 
1057
1058	   $ipv6_ifconfig_IF and $ipv6_ifconfig_IF_aliasN still work, but
1059	   they are obsolete.
1060
1061	2. $ipv6_enable is obsolete.  Use $ipv6_prefer and
1062	   "inet6 accept_rtadv" keyword in ifconfig(8) instead.
1063
1064	   If you define $ipv6_enable=YES, it means $ipv6_prefer=YES and
1065	   all configured interfaces have "inet6 accept_rtadv" in the
1066	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  These are for backward compatibility.
1067
1068	3. A new variable $ipv6_prefer has been added.  If NO, IPv6
1069	   functionality of interfaces with no corresponding
1070	   $ifconfig_IF_ipv6 is disabled by using "inet6 ifdisabled" flag,
1071	   and the default address selection policy of ip6addrctl(8) 
1072	   is the IPv4-preferred one (see rc.d/ip6addrctl for more details).
1073	   Note that if you want to configure IPv6 functionality on the
1074	   disabled interfaces after boot, first you need to clear the flag by
1075	   using ifconfig(8) like:
1076
1077		ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
1078
1079	   If YES, the default address selection policy is set as
1080	   IPv6-preferred.
1081
1082	   The default value of $ipv6_prefer is NO.
1083
1084	4. If your system need to receive Router Advertisement messages,
1085	   define "inet6 accept_rtadv" in $ifconfig_IF_ipv6.  The rc(8)
1086	   scripts automatically invoke rtsol(8) when the interface becomes
1087	   UP.  The Router Advertisement messages are used for SLAAC
1088	   (State-Less Address AutoConfiguration).
1089
109020090922:
1091	802.11s D3.03 support was committed. This is incompatible with the
1092	previous code, which was based on D3.0.
1093
109420090912:
1095	A sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv now sets the default value
1096	of a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_ACCEPT_RTADV, not a global knob to
1097	control whether accepting Router Advertisement messages or not.
1098	Also, a per-interface flag ND6_IFF_AUTO_LINKLOCAL has been added and
1099	a sysctl variable net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal is its default value.
1100	The ifconfig(8) utility now supports these flags.
1101
110220090910:
1103	ZFS snapshots are now mounted with MNT_IGNORE flag. Use -v option for
1104	mount(8) and -a option for df(1) to see them.
1105
110620090825:
1107	The old tunable hw.bus.devctl_disable has been superseded by
1108	hw.bus.devctl_queue.  hw.bus.devctl_disable=1 in loader.conf should be
1109	replaced by hw.bus.devctl_queue=0.  The default for this new tunable
1110	is 1000.
1111
111220090813:
1113	Remove the option STOP_NMI.  The default action is now to use NMI only
1114	for KDB via the newly introduced function stop_cpus_hard() and
1115	maintain stop_cpus() to just use a normal IPI_STOP on ia32 and amd64.
1116
111720090803:
1118	The stable/8 branch created in subversion.  This corresponds to the
1119	RELENG_8 branch in CVS.
1120
112120090719:
1122	Bump the shared library version numbers for all libraries that do not
1123	use symbol versioning as part of the 8.0-RELEASE cycle.  Bump
1124	__FreeBSD_version to 800105.
1125
112620090714:
1127	Due to changes in the implementation of virtual network stack support,
1128	all network-related kernel modules must be recompiled.  As this change
1129	breaks the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800104.
1130
113120090713:
1132	The TOE interface to the TCP syncache has been modified to remove
1133	struct tcpopt (<netinet/tcp_var.h>) from the ABI of the network stack.
1134	The cxgb driver is the only TOE consumer affected by this change, and
1135	needs to be recompiled along with the kernel. As this change breaks
1136	the ABI, bump __FreeBSD_version to 800103.
1137
113820090712: 
1139	Padding has been added to struct tcpcb, sackhint and tcpstat in
1140	<netinet/tcp_var.h> to facilitate future MFCs and bug fixes whilst
1141	maintaining the ABI. However, this change breaks the ABI, so bump
1142	__FreeBSD_version to 800102. User space tools that rely on the size of
1143	any of these structs (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1144
114520090630:
1146	The NFS_LEGACYRPC option has been removed along with the old kernel
1147	RPC implementation that this option selected. Kernel configurations
1148	may need to be adjusted.
1149
115020090629:
1151	The network interface device nodes at /dev/net/<interface> have been
1152	removed.  All ioctl operations can be performed the normal way using
1153	routing sockets.  The kqueue functionality can generally be replaced
1154	with routing sockets.
1155
115620090628:
1157	The documentation from the FreeBSD Documentation Project (Handbook,
1158	FAQ, etc.) is now installed via packages by sysinstall(8) and under
1159	the /usr/local/share/doc/freebsd directory instead of /usr/share/doc.
1160
116120090624:
1162	The ABI of various structures related to the SYSV IPC API have been
1163	changed.  As a result, the COMPAT_FREEBSD[456] and COMPAT_43 kernel
1164	options now all require COMPAT_FREEBSD7.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to
1165	800100.
1166
116720090622:
1168	Layout of struct vnet has changed as routing related variables were
1169	moved to their own Vimage module. Modules need to be recompiled.  Bump
1170	__FreeBSD_version to 800099.
1171
117220090619:
1173	NGROUPS_MAX and NGROUPS have been increased from 16 to 1023 and 1024
1174	respectively.  As long as no more than 16 groups per process are used,
1175	no changes should be visible.  When more than 16 groups are used, old
1176	binaries may fail if they call getgroups() or getgrouplist() with
1177	statically sized storage.  Recompiling will work around this, but
1178	applications should be modified to use dynamically allocated storage
1179	for group arrays as POSIX.1-2008 does not cap an implementation's
1180	number of supported groups at NGROUPS_MAX+1 as previous versions did.
1181
1182	NFS and portalfs mounts may also be affected as the list of groups is
1183	truncated to 16.  Users of NFS who use more than 16 groups, should
1184	take care that negative group permissions are not used on the exported
1185	file systems as they will not be reliable unless a GSSAPI based
1186	authentication method is used.
1187
118820090616: 
1189	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_LOCKMGRS has been introduced.  This
1190	option compiles in the support for adaptive spinning for lockmgrs
1191	which want to enable it.  The lockinit() function now accepts the flag
1192	LK_ADAPTIVE in order to make the lock object subject to adaptive
1193	spinning when both held in write and read mode.
1194
119520090613:
1196	The layout of the structure returned by IEEE80211_IOC_STA_INFO has
1197	changed.  User applications that use this ioctl need to be rebuilt.
1198
119920090611:
1200	The layout of struct thread has changed.  Kernel and modules need to
1201	be rebuilt.
1202
120320090608:
1204	The layout of structs ifnet, domain, protosw and vnet_net has changed.
1205	Kernel modules need to be rebuilt.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800097.
1206
120720090602:
1208	window(1) has been removed from the base system. It can now be
1209	installed from ports. The port is called misc/window.
1210
121120090601:
1212	The way we are storing and accessing `routing table' entries has
1213	changed. Programs reading the FIB, like netstat, need to be
1214	re-compiled.
1215
121620090601:
1217	A new netisr implementation has been added for FreeBSD 8.  Network
1218	file system modules, such as igmp, ipdivert, and others, should be
1219	rebuilt.
1220	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800096.
1221
122220090530:
1223	Remove the tunable/sysctl debug.mpsafevfs as its initial purpose is no
1224	more valid.
1225
122620090530:
1227	Add VOP_ACCESSX(9).  File system modules need to be rebuilt.
1228	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800094.
1229
123020090529:
1231	Add mnt_xflag field to 'struct mount'.  File system modules need to be
1232	rebuilt.
1233	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800093.
1234
123520090528:
1236	The compiling option ADAPTIVE_SX has been retired while it has been
1237	introduced the option NO_ADAPTIVE_SX which handles the reversed logic.
1238	The KPI for sx_init_flags() changes as accepting flags:
1239	SX_ADAPTIVESPIN flag has been retired while the SX_NOADAPTIVE flag has
1240	been introduced in order to handle the reversed logic.
1241	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800092.
1242
124320090527:
1244	Add support for hierarchical jails.  Remove global securelevel.
1245	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800091.
1246
124720090523:
1248	The layout of struct vnet_net has changed, therefore modules
1249	need to be rebuilt.
1250	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800090.
1251
125220090523:
1253	The newly imported zic(8) produces a new format in the output. Please
1254	run tzsetup(8) to install the newly created data to /etc/localtime.
1255
125620090520:
1257	The sysctl tree for the usb stack has renamed from hw.usb2.* to
1258	hw.usb.* and is now consistent again with previous releases.
1259
126020090520:
1261	802.11 monitor mode support was revised and driver api's were changed.
1262	Drivers dependent on net80211 now support DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO instead
1263	of DLT_IEEE802_11.  No user-visible data structures were changed but
1264	applications that use DLT_IEEE802_11 may require changes.
1265	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800088.
1266
126720090430:
1268	The layout of the following structs has changed: sysctl_oid,
1269	socket, ifnet, inpcbinfo, tcpcb, syncache_head, vnet_inet,
1270	vnet_inet6 and vnet_ipfw.  Most modules need to be rebuild or
1271	panics may be experienced.  World rebuild is required for
1272	correctly checking networking state from userland.
1273	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800085.
1274
127520090429:
1276	MLDv2 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1277	to the IPv6 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1278	The implementation of SSM within FreeBSD's IPv6 stack closely
1279	follows the IPv4 implementation.
1280
1281	For kernel developers:
1282
1283	* The most important changes are that the ip6_output() and
1284	  ip6_input() paths no longer take the IN6_MULTI_LOCK,
1285	  and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1286
1287	* As with the changes to the IPv4 stack to support SSM, filtering
1288	  of inbound multicast traffic must now be performed by transport
1289	  protocols within the IPv6 stack. This does not apply to TCP and
1290	  SCTP, however, it does apply to UDP in IPv6 and raw IPv6.
1291
1292	* The KPIs used by IPv6 multicast are similar to those used by
1293	  the IPv4 stack, with the following differences:
1294	   * im6o_mc_filter() is analogous to imo_multicast_filter().
1295	   * The legacy KAME entry points in6_joingroup and in6_leavegroup()
1296	     are shimmed to in6_mc_join() and in6_mc_leave() respectively.
1297	   * IN6_LOOKUP_MULTI() has been deprecated and removed.
1298	   * IPv6 relies on MLD for the DAD mechanism. KAME's internal KPIs
1299	     for MLDv1 have an additional 'timer' argument which is used to
1300	     jitter the initial membership report for the solicited-node
1301	     multicast membership on-link.
1302	   * This is not strictly needed for MLDv2, which already jitters
1303	     its report transmissions.  However, the 'timer' argument is
1304	     preserved in case MLDv1 is active on the interface.
1305
1306	* The KAME linked-list based IPv6 membership implementation has
1307	  been refactored to use a vector similar to that used by the IPv4
1308	  stack.
1309	  Code which maintains a list of its own multicast memberships
1310	  internally, e.g. carp, has been updated to reflect the new
1311	  semantics.
1312
1313	* There is a known Lock Order Reversal (LOR) due to in6_setscope()
1314	  acquiring the IF_AFDATA_LOCK and being called within ip6_output().
1315	  Whilst MLDv2 tries to avoid this otherwise benign LOR, it is an
1316	  implementation constraint which needs to be addressed in HEAD.
1317
1318	For application developers:
1319
1320	* The changes are broadly similar to those made for the IPv4
1321	  stack.
1322
1323	* The use of IPv4 and IPv6 multicast socket options on the same
1324	  socket, using mapped addresses, HAS NOT been tested or supported.
1325
1326	* There are a number of issues with the implementation of various
1327	  IPv6 multicast APIs which need to be resolved in the API surface
1328	  before the implementation is fully compatible with KAME userland
1329	  use, and these are mostly to do with interface index treatment.
1330
1331	* The literature available discusses the use of either the delta / ASM
1332	  API with setsockopt(2)/getsockopt(2), or the full-state / ASM API
1333	  using setsourcefilter(3)/getsourcefilter(3). For more information
1334	  please refer to RFC 3768, 'Socket Interface Extensions for
1335	  Multicast Source Filters'.
1336
1337	* Applications which use the published RFC 3678 APIs should be fine.
1338
1339	For systems administrators:
1340
1341	* The mtest(8) utility has been refactored to support IPv6, in
1342	  addition to IPv4. Interface addresses are no longer accepted
1343	  as arguments, their names must be used instead. The utility
1344	  will map the interface name to its first IPv4 address as
1345	  returned by getifaddrs(3).
1346
1347	* The ifmcstat(8) utility has also been updated to print the MLDv2
1348	  endpoint state and source filter lists via sysctl(3).
1349
1350	* The net.inet6.ip6.mcast.loop sysctl may be tuned to 0 to disable
1351	  loopback of IPv6 multicast datagrams by default; it defaults to 1
1352	  to preserve the existing behaviour. Disabling multicast loopback is
1353	  recommended for optimal system performance.
1354
1355	* The IPv6 MROUTING code has been changed to examine this sysctl
1356	  instead of attempting to perform a group lookup before looping
1357	  back forwarded datagrams.
1358
1359	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800084.
1360
136120090422:
1362	Implement low-level Bluetooth HCI API.
1363	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800083.
1364
136520090419:
1366	The layout of struct malloc_type, used by modules to register new
1367	memory allocation types, has changed.  Most modules will need to
1368	be rebuilt or panics may be experienced.
1369	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800081.
1370
137120090415:
1372	Anticipate overflowing inp_flags - add inp_flags2.
1373	This changes most offsets in inpcb, so checking v4 connection
1374	state will require a world rebuild.
1375	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800080.
1376
137720090415:
1378	Add an llentry to struct route and struct route_in6. Modules
1379	embedding a struct route will need to be recompiled.
1380	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800079.
1381
138220090414:
1383	The size of rt_metrics_lite and by extension rtentry has changed.
1384	Networking administration apps will need to be recompiled.
1385	The route command now supports show as an alias for get, weighting
1386	of routes, sticky and nostick flags to alter the behavior of stateful
1387	load balancing.
1388	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800078.
1389
139020090408:
1391	Do not use Giant for kbdmux(4) locking. This is wrong and
1392	apparently causing more problems than it solves. This will
1393	re-open the issue where interrupt handlers may race with
1394	kbdmux(4) in polling mode. Typical symptoms include (but
1395	not limited to) duplicated and/or missing characters when
1396	low level console functions (such as gets) are used while
1397	interrupts are enabled (for example geli password prompt,
1398	mountroot prompt etc.). Disabling kbdmux(4) may help.
1399
140020090407:
1401	The size of structs vnet_net, vnet_inet and vnet_ipfw has changed;
1402	kernel modules referencing any of the above need to be recompiled.
1403	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800075.
1404
140520090320:
1406	GEOM_PART has become the default partition slicer for storage devices,
1407	replacing GEOM_MBR, GEOM_BSD, GEOM_PC98 and GEOM_GPT slicers. It
1408	introduces some changes:
1409
1410	MSDOS/EBR: the devices created from MSDOS extended partition entries
1411	(EBR) can be named differently than with GEOM_MBR and are now symlinks
1412	to devices with offset-based names. fstabs may need to be modified.
1413
1414	BSD: the "geometry does not match label" warning is harmless in most
1415	cases but it points to problems in file system misalignment with
1416	disk geometry. The "c" partition is now implicit, covers the whole
1417	top-level drive and cannot be (mis)used by users.
1418
1419	General: Kernel dumps are now not allowed to be written to devices
1420	whose partition types indicate they are meant to be used for file
1421	systems (or, in case of MSDOS partitions, as something else than
1422	the "386BSD" type).
1423
1424	Most of these changes date approximately from 200812.
1425
142620090319:
1427	The uscanner(4) driver has been removed from the kernel. This follows
1428	Linux removing theirs in 2.6 and making libusb the default interface
1429	(supported by sane).
1430
143120090319:
1432	The multicast forwarding code has been cleaned up. netstat(1)
1433	only relies on KVM now for printing bandwidth upcall meters.
1434	The IPv4 and IPv6 modules are split into ip_mroute_mod and
1435	ip6_mroute_mod respectively. The config(5) options for statically
1436	compiling this code remain the same, i.e. 'options MROUTING'.
1437
143820090315:
1439	Support for the IFF_NEEDSGIANT network interface flag has been
1440	removed, which means that non-MPSAFE network device drivers are no
1441	longer supported.  In particular, if_ar, if_sr, and network device
1442	drivers from the old (legacy) USB stack can no longer be built or
1443	used.
1444
144520090313:
1446	POSIX.1 Native Language Support (NLS) has been enabled in libc and
1447	a bunch of new language catalog files have also been added.
1448	This means that some common libc messages are now localized and
1449	they depend on the LC_MESSAGES environmental variable.
1450
145120090313:
1452	The k8temp(4) driver has been renamed to amdtemp(4) since
1453	support for Family 10 and Family 11 CPU families was added.
1454
145520090309:
1456	IGMPv3 and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) have been merged
1457	to the IPv4 stack. VIMAGE hooks are in but not yet used.
1458
1459	For kernel developers, the most important changes are that the
1460	ip_output() and ip_input() paths no longer take the IN_MULTI_LOCK(),
1461	and this lock has been downgraded to a non-recursive mutex.
1462
1463	Transport protocols (UDP, Raw IP) are now responsible for filtering
1464	inbound multicast traffic according to group membership and source
1465	filters. The imo_multicast_filter() KPI exists for this purpose.
1466	Transports which do not use multicast (SCTP, TCP) already reject
1467	multicast by default. Forwarding and receive performance may improve
1468	as a mutex acquisition is no longer needed in the ip_input()
1469	low-level input path.  in_addmulti() and in_delmulti() are shimmed
1470	to new KPIs which exist to support SSM in-kernel.
1471
1472	For application developers, it is recommended that loopback of
1473	multicast datagrams be disabled for best performance, as this
1474	will still cause the lock to be taken for each looped-back
1475	datagram transmission. The net.inet.ip.mcast.loop sysctl may
1476	be tuned to 0 to disable loopback by default; it defaults to 1
1477	to preserve the existing behaviour.
1478
1479	For systems administrators, to obtain best performance with
1480	multicast reception and multiple groups, it is always recommended
1481	that a card with a suitably precise hash filter is used. Hash
1482	collisions will still result in the lock being taken within the
1483	transport protocol input path to check group membership.
1484
1485	If deploying FreeBSD in an environment with IGMP snooping switches,
1486	it is recommended that the net.inet.igmp.sendlocal sysctl remain
1487	enabled; this forces 224.0.0.0/24 group membership to be announced
1488	via IGMP.
1489
1490	The size of 'struct igmpstat' has changed; netstat needs to be
1491	recompiled to reflect this.
1492	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 800070.
1493
149420090309:
1495	libusb20.so.1 is now installed as libusb.so.1 and the ports system
1496	updated to use it. This requires a buildworld/installworld in order to
1497	update the library and dependencies (usbconfig, etc). Its advisable to
1498	rebuild all ports which uses libusb. More specific directions are given
1499	in the ports collection UPDATING file. Any /etc/libmap.conf entries for
1500	libusb are no longer required and can be removed.
1501
150220090302:
1503	A workaround is committed to allow the creation of System V shared
1504	memory segment of size > 2 GB on the 64-bit architectures.
1505	Due to a limitation of the existing ABI, the shm_segsz member
1506	of the struct shmid_ds, returned by shmctl(IPC_STAT) call is
1507	wrong for large segments. Note that limits must be explicitly
1508	raised to allow such segments to be created.
1509
151020090301:
1511	The layout of struct ifnet has changed, requiring a rebuild of all
1512	network device driver modules.
1513
151420090227:
1515	The /dev handling for the new USB stack has changed, a
1516	buildworld/installworld is required for libusb20.
1517
151820090223:
1519	The new USB2 stack has now been permanently moved in and all kernel and
1520	module names reverted to their previous values (eg, usb, ehci, ohci,
1521	ums, ...).  The old usb stack can be compiled in by prefixing the name
1522	with the letter 'o', the old usb modules have been removed.
1523	Updating entry 20090216 for xorg and 20090215 for libmap may still
1524	apply.
1525
152620090217:
1527	The rc.conf(5) option if_up_delay has been renamed to
1528	defaultroute_delay to better reflect its purpose. If you have
1529	customized this setting in /etc/rc.conf you need to update it to
1530	use the new name.
1531
153220090216:
1533	xorg 7.4 wants to configure its input devices via hald which does not
1534	yet work with USB2. If the keyboard/mouse does not work in xorg then
1535	add
1536		Option "AllowEmptyInput" "off"
1537	to your ServerLayout section.  This will cause X to use the configured
1538	kbd and mouse sections from your xorg.conf.
1539
154020090215:
1541	The GENERIC kernels for all architectures now default to the new USB2
1542	stack. No kernel config options or code have been removed so if a
1543	problem arises please report it and optionally revert to the old USB
1544	stack. If you are loading USB kernel modules or have a custom kernel
1545	that includes GENERIC then ensure that usb names are also changed over,
1546	eg uftdi -> usb2_serial_ftdi.
1547
1548	Older programs linked against the ports libusb 0.1 need to be
1549	redirected to the new stack's libusb20.  /etc/libmap.conf can
1550	be used for this:
1551		# Map old usb library to new one for usb2 stack
1552		libusb-0.1.so.8	libusb20.so.1
1553
155420090209:
1555	All USB ethernet devices now attach as interfaces under the name ueN
1556	(eg. ue0). This is to provide a predictable name as vendors often
1557	change usb chipsets in a product without notice.
1558
155920090203:
1560	The ichsmb(4) driver has been changed to require SMBus slave
1561	addresses be left-justified (xxxxxxx0b) rather than right-justified.
1562	All of the other SMBus controller drivers require left-justified
1563	slave addresses, so this change makes all the drivers provide the
1564	same interface.
1565
156620090201:
1567	INET6 statistics (struct ip6stat) was updated.
1568	netstat(1) needs to be recompiled.
1569
157020090119:
1571	NTFS has been removed from GENERIC kernel on amd64 to match
1572	GENERIC on i386. Should not cause any issues since mount_ntfs(8)
1573	will load ntfs.ko module automatically when NTFS support is
1574	actually needed, unless ntfs.ko is not installed or security
1575	level prohibits loading kernel modules. If either is the case,
1576	"options NTFS" has to be added into kernel config.
1577
157820090115:
1579	TCP Appropriate Byte Counting (RFC 3465) support added to kernel.
1580	New field in struct tcpcb breaks ABI, so bump __FreeBSD_version to
1581	800061. User space tools that rely on the size of struct tcpcb in
1582	tcp_var.h (e.g. sockstat) need to be recompiled.
1583
158420081225:
1585	ng_tty(4) module updated to match the new TTY subsystem.
1586	Due to API change, user-level applications must be updated.
1587	New API support added to mpd5 CVS and expected to be present
1588	in next mpd5.3 release.
1589
159020081219:
1591	With __FreeBSD_version 800060 the makefs tool is part of
1592	the base system (it was a port).
1593
159420081216:
1595	The afdata and ifnet locks have been changed from mutexes to
1596	rwlocks, network modules will need to be re-compiled.
1597
159820081214:
1599	__FreeBSD_version 800059 incorporates the new arp-v2 rewrite.
1600	RTF_CLONING, RTF_LLINFO and RTF_WASCLONED flags are eliminated.
1601	The new code reduced struct rtentry{} by 16 bytes on 32-bit
1602	architecture and 40 bytes on 64-bit architecture. The userland
1603	applications "arp" and "ndp" have been updated accordingly.
1604	The output from "netstat -r" shows only routing entries and
1605	none of the L2 information.
1606
160720081130:
1608	__FreeBSD_version 800057 marks the switchover from the
1609	binary ath hal to source code. Users must add the line:
1610
1611	options	AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
1612
1613	to their kernel config files when specifying:
1614
1615	device	ath_hal
1616
1617	The ath_hal module no longer exists; the code is now compiled
1618	together with the driver in the ath module.  It is now
1619	possible to tailor chip support (i.e. reduce the set of chips
1620	and thereby the code size); consult ath_hal(4) for details.
1621
162220081121:
1623	__FreeBSD_version 800054 adds memory barriers to
1624	<machine/atomic.h>, new interfaces to ifnet to facilitate
1625	multiple hardware transmit queues for cards that support
1626	them, and a lock-less ring-buffer implementation to
1627	enable drivers to more efficiently manage queueing of
1628	packets.
1629
163020081117:
1631	A new version of ZFS (version 13) has been merged to -HEAD.
1632	This version has zpool attribute "listsnapshots" off by
1633	default, which means "zfs list" does not show snapshots,
1634	and is the same as Solaris behavior.
1635
163620081028:
1637	dummynet(4) ABI has changed. ipfw(8) needs to be recompiled.
1638
163920081009:
1640	The uhci, ohci, ehci and slhci USB Host controller drivers have
1641	been put into separate modules. If you load the usb module
1642	separately through loader.conf you will need to load the
1643	appropriate *hci module as well. E.g. for a UHCI-based USB 2.0
1644	controller add the following to loader.conf:
1645
1646		uhci_load="YES"
1647		ehci_load="YES"
1648
164920081009:
1650	The ABI used by the PMC toolset has changed.  Please keep
1651	userland (libpmc(3)) and the kernel module (hwpmc(4)) in
1652	sync.
1653
165420081009:
1655	atapci kernel module now includes only generic PCI ATA
1656	driver. AHCI driver moved to ataahci kernel module.
1657	All vendor-specific code moved into separate kernel modules:
1658	ataacard, ataacerlabs, ataadaptec, ataamd, ataati, atacenatek,
1659	atacypress, atacyrix, atahighpoint, ataintel, ataite, atajmicron,
1660	atamarvell, atamicron, atanational, atanetcell, atanvidia,
1661	atapromise, ataserverworks, atasiliconimage, atasis, atavia
1662
166320080820:
1664	The TTY subsystem of the kernel has been replaced by a new
1665	implementation, which provides better scalability and an
1666	improved driver model. Most common drivers have been migrated to
1667	the new TTY subsystem, while others have not. The following
1668	drivers have not yet been ported to the new TTY layer:
1669
1670	PCI/ISA:
1671		cy, digi, rc, rp, sio
1672
1673	USB:
1674		ubser, ucycom
1675
1676	Line disciplines:
1677		ng_h4, ng_tty, ppp, sl, snp
1678
1679	Adding these drivers to your kernel configuration file shall
1680	cause compilation to fail.
1681
168220080818:
1683	ntpd has been upgraded to 4.2.4p5.
1684
168520080801:
1686	OpenSSH has been upgraded to 5.1p1.
1687
1688	For many years, FreeBSD's version of OpenSSH preferred DSA
1689	over RSA for host and user authentication keys.  With this
1690	upgrade, we've switched to the vendor's default of RSA over
1691	DSA.  This may cause upgraded clients to warn about unknown
1692	host keys even for previously known hosts.  Users should
1693	follow the usual procedure for verifying host keys before
1694	accepting the RSA key.
1695
1696	This can be circumvented by setting the "HostKeyAlgorithms"
1697	option to "ssh-dss,ssh-rsa" in ~/.ssh/config or on the ssh
1698	command line.
1699
1700	Please note that the sequence of keys offered for
1701	authentication has been changed as well.  You may want to
1702	specify IdentityFile in a different order to revert this
1703	behavior.
1704
170520080713:
1706	The sio(4) driver has been removed from the i386 and amd64
1707	kernel configuration files. This means uart(4) is now the
1708	default serial port driver on those platforms as well.
1709
1710	To prevent collisions with the sio(4) driver, the uart(4) driver
1711	uses different names for its device nodes. This means the
1712	onboard serial port will now most likely be called "ttyu0"
1713	instead of "ttyd0". You may need to reconfigure applications to
1714	use the new device names.
1715
1716	When using the serial port as a boot console, be sure to update
1717	/boot/device.hints and /etc/ttys before booting the new kernel.
1718	If you forget to do so, you can still manually specify the hints
1719	at the loader prompt:
1720
1721		set hint.uart.0.at="isa"
1722		set hint.uart.0.port="0x3F8"
1723		set hint.uart.0.flags="0x10"
1724		set hint.uart.0.irq="4"
1725		boot -s
1726
172720080609:
1728	The gpt(8) utility has been removed. Use gpart(8) to partition
1729	disks instead.
1730
173120080603:
1732	The version that Linuxulator emulates was changed from 2.4.2
1733	to 2.6.16. If you experience any problems with Linux binaries
1734	please try to set sysctl compat.linux.osrelease to 2.4.2 and
1735	if it fixes the problem contact emulation mailing list.
1736
173720080525:
1738	ISDN4BSD (I4B) was removed from the src tree. You may need to
1739	update a your kernel configuration and remove relevant entries.
1740
174120080509:
1742	I have checked in code to support multiple routing tables.
1743	See the man pages setfib(1) and setfib(2).
1744	This is a hopefully backwards compatible version,
1745	but to make use of it you need to compile your kernel
1746	with options ROUTETABLES=2 (or more up to 16).
1747
174820080420:
1749	The 802.11 wireless support was redone to enable multi-bss
1750	operation on devices that are capable.  The underlying device
1751	is no longer used directly but instead wlanX devices are
1752	cloned with ifconfig.  This requires changes to rc.conf files.
1753	For example, change:
1754		ifconfig_ath0="WPA DHCP"
1755	to
1756		wlans_ath0=wlan0
1757		ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
1758	see rc.conf(5) for more details.  In addition, mergemaster of
1759	/etc/rc.d is highly recommended.  Simultaneous update of userland
1760	and kernel wouldn't hurt either.
1761
1762	As part of the multi-bss changes the wlan_scan_ap and wlan_scan_sta
1763	modules were merged into the base wlan module.  All references
1764	to these modules (e.g. in kernel config files) must be removed.
1765
176620080408:
1767	psm(4) has gained write(2) support in native operation level.
1768	Arbitrary commands can be written to /dev/psm%d and status can
1769	be read back from it.  Therefore, an application is responsible
1770	for status validation and error recovery.  It is a no-op in
1771	other operation levels.
1772
177320080312:
1774	Support for KSE threading has been removed from the kernel.  To
1775	run legacy applications linked against KSE libmap.conf may
1776	be used.  The following libmap.conf may be used to ensure
1777	compatibility with any prior release:
1778
1779	libpthread.so.1 libthr.so.1
1780	libpthread.so.2 libthr.so.2
1781	libkse.so.3 libthr.so.3
1782
178320080301:
1784	The layout of struct vmspace has changed. This affects libkvm
1785	and any executables that link against libkvm and use the
1786	kvm_getprocs() function. In particular, but not exclusively,
1787	it affects ps(1), fstat(1), pkill(1), systat(1), top(1) and w(1).
1788	The effects are minimal, but it's advisable to upgrade world
1789	nonetheless.
1790
179120080229:
1792	The latest em driver no longer has support in it for the
1793	82575 adapter, this is now moved to the igb driver. The
1794	split was done to make new features that are incompatible
1795	with older hardware easier to do.
1796
179720080220:
1798	The new geom_lvm(4) geom class has been renamed to geom_linux_lvm(4),
1799	likewise the kernel option is now GEOM_LINUX_LVM.
1800
180120080211:
1802	The default NFS mount mode has changed from UDP to TCP for
1803	increased reliability.  If you rely on (insecurely) NFS
1804	mounting across a firewall you may need to update your
1805	firewall rules.
1806
180720080208:
1808	Belatedly note the addition of m_collapse for compacting
1809	mbuf chains.
1810
181120080126:
1812	The fts(3) structures have been changed to use adequate
1813	integer types for their members and so to be able to cope
1814	with huge file trees.  The old fts(3) ABI is preserved
1815	through symbol versioning in libc, so third-party binaries
1816	using fts(3) should still work, although they will not take
1817	advantage of the extended types.  At the same time, some
1818	third-party software might fail to build after this change
1819	due to unportable assumptions made in its source code about
1820	fts(3) structure members.  Such software should be fixed
1821	by its vendor or, in the worst case, in the ports tree.
1822	FreeBSD_version 800015 marks this change for the unlikely
1823	case that a portable fix is impossible.
1824
182520080123:
1826	To upgrade to -current after this date, you must be running
1827	FreeBSD not older than 6.0-RELEASE.  Upgrading to -current
1828	from 5.x now requires a stop over at RELENG_6 or RELENG_7 systems.
1829
183020071128:
1831	The ADAPTIVE_GIANT kernel option has been retired because its
1832	functionality is the default now.
1833
183420071118:
1835	The AT keyboard emulation of sunkbd(4) has been turned on
1836	by default. In order to make the special symbols of the Sun
1837	keyboards driven by sunkbd(4) work under X these now have
1838	to be configured the same way as Sun USB keyboards driven
1839	by ukbd(4) (which also does AT keyboard emulation), f.e.:
1840
1841	Option	"XkbLayout" "us"
1842	Option	"XkbRules" "xorg"
1843	Option	"XkbSymbols" "pc(pc105)+sun_vndr/usb(sun_usb)+us"
1844
184520071024:
1846	It has been decided that it is desirable to provide ABI
1847	backwards compatibility to the FreeBSD 4/5/6 versions of the
1848	PCIOCGETCONF, PCIOCREAD and PCIOCWRITE IOCTLs, which was
1849	broken with the introduction of PCI domain support (see the
1850	20070930 entry). Unfortunately, this required the ABI of
1851	PCIOCGETCONF to be broken again in order to be able to
1852	provide backwards compatibility to the old version of that
1853	IOCTL. Thus consumers of PCIOCGETCONF have to be recompiled
1854	again. As for prominent ports this affects neither pciutils
1855	nor xorg-server this time, the hal port needs to be rebuilt
1856	however.
1857
185820071020:
1859	The misnamed kthread_create() and friends have been renamed
1860	to kproc_create() etc. Many of the callers already
1861	used kproc_start()..
1862	I will return kthread_create() and friends in a while
1863	with implementations that actually create threads, not procs.
1864	Renaming corresponds with version 800002.
1865
186620071010:
1867	RELENG_7 branched.
1868
1869COMMON ITEMS:
1870
1871	General Notes
1872	-------------
1873	Avoid using make -j when upgrading.  While generally safe, there are
1874	sometimes problems using -j to upgrade.  If your upgrade fails with
1875	-j, please try again without -j.  From time to time in the past there
1876	have been problems using -j with buildworld and/or installworld.  This
1877	is especially true when upgrading between "distant" versions (eg one
1878	that cross a major release boundary or several minor releases, or when
1879	several months have passed on the -current branch).
1880
1881	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1882	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1883	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1884	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1885	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1886
1887	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best
1888	to upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first,
1889	then do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade
1890	path, and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try
1891	this approach before reporting problems with a major version upgrade.
1892
1893	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1894	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1895	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1896	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1897
1898	ZFS notes
1899	---------
1900	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version, always follow
1901	these two steps:
1902
1903	1.) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1904	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1905
1906	2.) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive
1907
1908	The following example updates the ZFS boot block on the first
1909	partition (freebsd-boot) of a GPT partitioned drive ad0:
1910	"gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0"
1911
1912	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1913
1914	To build a kernel
1915	-----------------
1916	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1917	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1918	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1919
1920	make kernel-toolchain
1921	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1922	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1923
1924	To test a kernel once
1925	---------------------
1926	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1927	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1928	debugging information) run
1929	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1930	nextboot -k testkernel
1931
1932	To just build a kernel when you know that it won't mess you up
1933	--------------------------------------------------------------
1934	This assumes you are already running a CURRENT system.  Replace
1935	${arch} with the architecture of your machine (e.g. "i386",
1936	"arm", "amd64", "ia64", "pc98", "sparc64", "powerpc", "mips", etc).
1937
1938	cd src/sys/${arch}/conf
1939	config KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1940	cd ../compile/KERNEL_NAME_HERE
1941	make depend
1942	make
1943	make install
1944
1945	If this fails, go to the "To build a kernel" section.
1946
1947	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1948	-----------------------------------------------------------
1949	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1950	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1951
1952	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1953	make buildworld
1954	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1955							[1]
1956	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1957	mergemaster -p					[5]
1958	make installworld
1959	mergemaster -i					[4]
1960	make delete-old					[6]
1961	<reboot>
1962
1963	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1964	--------------------------------------------------
1965	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1966	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1967	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1968	# size.
1969
1970	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1971	<boot into -stable>
1972	make buildworld
1973	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1974	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1975	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1976	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1977	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1978	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1979	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1980	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1981	<reboot into current>
1982	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1983	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1984	<reboot>
1985
1986
1987	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1988	----------------------------------------------
1989	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1990	make buildworld					[9]
1991	make kernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE		[8]
1992							[1]
1993	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1994	mergemaster -p					[5]
1995	make installworld
1996	mergemaster -i					[4]
1997	make delete-old					[6]
1998	<reboot>
1999
2000	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2001	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2002	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2003	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2004	the UPDATING entries.
2005
2006	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2007	freebsd-current@freebsd.org.  Make sure that before you update
2008	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2009	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2010	much fewer pitfalls.
2011
2012	[1] If you have third party modules, such as vmware, you
2013	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your
2014	system on reboot.
2015
2016	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2017		fsck -p
2018		mount -u /
2019		mount -a
2020		cd src
2021		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2022	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that
2023	you boot into single user mode to do the installworld.
2024
2025	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2026	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2027	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2028	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2029	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2030	for potential gotchas.  The -U option is also useful to consider.
2031	See mergemaster(8) for more information.
2032
2033	[5] Usually this step is a noop.  However, from time to time
2034	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2035	step.  It never hurts to do it all the time.  You may need to
2036	install a new mergemaster (cd src/usr.sbin/mergemaster && make
2037	install) after the buildworld before this step if you last updated
2038	from current before 20130425 or from -stable before 20130430.
2039
2040	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2041	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2042	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2043
2044	[8] In order to have a kernel that can run the 4.x binaries needed to
2045	do an installworld, you must include the COMPAT_FREEBSD4 option in
2046	your kernel.  Failure to do so may leave you with a system that is
2047	hard to boot to recover. A similar kernel option COMPAT_FREEBSD5 is
2048	required to run the 5.x binaries on more recent kernels.  And so on
2049	for COMPAT_FREEBSD6 and COMPAT_FREEBSD7.
2050
2051	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2052	last time you updated your kernel config file.
2053
2054	[9] When checking out sources, you must include the -P flag to have
2055	cvs prune empty directories.
2056
2057	If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2058	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2059	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2060
2061	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2062	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2063	warn if it is improperly defined.
2064FORMAT:
2065
2066This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2067breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2068list of such breakages, and only contains entries since October 10, 2007.
2069If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2070to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2071
2072Copyright information:
2073
2074Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh.  All Rights Reserved.
2075
2076Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2077modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2078document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2079
2080THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2081IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2082WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2083DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2084INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2085(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2086SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2087HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2088STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2089IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2090POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2091
2092Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2093this document.
2094
2095$FreeBSD: stable/10/UPDATING 268399 2014-07-08 14:04:36Z emaste $
2096